Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-basalt fiber

Uma ngikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber, kufanele ngikhulume ngoPaul Dhe waseFrance. Wayengumuntu wokuqala ukuba nomqondo wokukhipha imicu ku-basalt. Wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi lase-US ngo-1923. Cishe ngo-1960, i-United States kanye neSoviet Union yangaphambili baqala ukutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwe-basalt, ikakhulukazi ezintweni zempi ezifana namarokhethi. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States, inani elikhulu lezakhiwo ze-basalt ligxile. I-Washington State University RVSubramanian yenze ucwaningo ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-basalt, izimo zokukhipha kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zemicu ye-basalt. I-Owens Corning (OC) kanye nezinye izinkampani eziningana zengilazi zenze amaphrojekthi athile ocwaningo oluzimele futhi zathola amalungelo obunikazi ase-US. Cishe ngo-1970, i-American Glass Company yashiya ucwaningo lwe-basalt fiber, yabeka ukugxila kwayo okubalulekile emikhiqizweni yayo eyinhloko, futhi yathuthukisa imicu eminingi yengilazi engcono okuhlanganisa ne-Owens Corning's S-2 glass fiber.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wokucwaninga eMpumalanga Yurophu uyaqhubeka. Kusukela ngawo-1950, izikhungo ezizimele ezazihilelekile kulo mkhakha wocwaningo eMoscow, ePrague nakwezinye izifunda zathathwa njengohulumeni yi-Soviet Defense yangaphambili futhi zagxila eSoviet Union yangaphambili eduze neKiev e-Ukraine. Izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nezimboni. Ngemva kokuhlakazeka kweSoviet Union ngo-1991, imiphumela yocwaningo lweSoviet Union yasuswa esigabeni sayo futhi yaqala ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yomphakathi.

Namuhla, ucwaningo oluningi, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemakethe kwe-basalt fiber kusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo yeSoviet Union yangaphambili. Uma sibheka isimo samanje sentuthuko ye-basalt fiber yasekhaya, kunezinhlobo ezingaba zintathu zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-basalt continuous fiber: eyodwa iyisithando somlilo esihlanganisiwe sikagesi esimelwe yiSichuan Aerospace Tuoxin, enye iyisithando somlilo esihlanganisiwe sikagesi esimelwe yiZhejiang Shijin Company, kanti enye iyisithando somlilo esihlanganisiwe sikagesi esimelwe yiSichuan Aerospace Tuoxin. Lolu hlobo yi-basalt stone fiber yeZhengzhou Dengdian Group njengesithando somlilo esimele i-all-electric melting tank.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwezomnotho kwezinqubo eziningana ezahlukene zokukhiqiza zasekhaya, isithando somlilo esisebenza ngogesi kuphela samanje sisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ukunemba okuphezulu kokulawula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokungabikho kokukhishwa kwegesi okushisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-fiber yengilazi noma i-basalt fiber, izwe likhuthaza ngazwi linye ukuthuthukiswa kwezithando zomlilo ezisebenza ngogesi kuphela ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa komoya.

Ngo-2019, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke okokuqala yafaka ngokusobala ubuchwepheshe bokudweba i-basalt fiber pool kiln ku-“National Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019)” ukukhuthaza intuthuko, eyaveza isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-basalt fiber yaseShayina futhi yaqondisa amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ukuthi ashintshe kancane kancane esuka kuma-unit kiln aye kuma-pool kiln amakhulu. , eqhubekela phambili ekukhiqizeni okukhulu.
Ngokusho kwemibiko, ubuchwepheshe be-slug benkampani yaseRussia iKamenny Vek buthuthuke baba ubuchwepheshe bokudweba i-slug unit furnace obunemigodi engu-1200; futhi abakhiqizi basekhaya bamanje basabusa ubuchwepheshe be-slug unit furnace obunemigodi engu-200 kanye nengu-400. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, izinkampani eziningana zasekhaya bezilokhu zizama njalo ucwaningo lwe-slats eziyimigodi engu-1200, eziyimigodi engu-1600, kanye nezimbobo ezingu-2400, futhi imiphumela emihle ifinyelelwe, futhi bangene esigabeni sokuhlola, babeka isisekelo esihle sokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwama-oven amakhulu ethangi kanye nezimbobo ezinkulu eShayina esikhathini esizayo.
I-Basalt continuous fiber (CBF) iyi-fiber yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu. Inezici zokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi ngobungcweti, kanye nemikhakha eminingi yobungcweti. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokukhiqiza busesesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, futhi manje bubuswa kakhulu ama-kiln angawodwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemboni ye-fiber yengilazi, imboni ye-CBF inomkhiqizo ophansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu, kanye nokuncintisana okwanele emakethe. Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-40 yokuthuthukiswa, ama-kiln amakhulu amanje angamathani ayi-10,000 namathani ayi-100,000 athuthukisiwe. Avuthiwe kakhulu. Njengemodeli yokuthuthukiswa kwe-fiber yengilazi, i-fiber ye-basalt ingahamba kancane kancane iye ekukhiqizweni kwe-kiln enkulu ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza njalo futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Eminyakeni edlule, izinkampani eziningi zokukhiqiza zasekhaya kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zitshale imali eningi yabasebenzi, izinsizakusebenza kanye nezinsizakusebenza zezimali ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlola nomkhuba wobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bokudweba isithando esisodwa buvuthiwe. Ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okwanele ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe besithando sethangi, izinyathelo ezincane, futhi ikakhulukazi kuphele ngokwehluleka.

Ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe besitofu sethangi: imishini ye-oven ingenye yemishini ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwe-basalt continuous fiber. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo se-oven siyafaneleka yini, ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuyafaneleka yini, ukuthi izinto ezimelana nokuguguleka kwesisombululo se-basalt, amapharamitha okulawula izinga loketshezi kanye nokushisa kwesithando Izinkinga ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokulawula zonke ziphambi kwethu futhi zidinga ukuxazululwa.
Ama-oven amakhulu ayadingeka ekukhiqizweni okukhulu. Ngenhlanhla, i-Dengdian Group ihole ekwenzeni intuthuko enkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-oven kagesi yokuncibilikisa ithangi. Ngokusho kwabantu abajwayelene nale mboni, inkampani manje ine-oven enkulu yokuncibilikisa ithangi yokuncibilikisa ithangi enkulu enamandla okukhiqiza angamathani ayi-1,200 ibilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2018. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokudweba be-oven kagesi yokuncibilikisa ithangi ye-basalt fiber, okubaluleke kakhulu ekubhekiseleni nasekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke imboni ye-basalt fiber.

Ucwaningo olukhulu lobuchwepheshe be-slat:Ama-oven amakhulu kufanele abe nama-slat amakhulu afanayo. Ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe be-slat luhilela izinguquko ezintweni ezibonakalayo, ukwakheka kwama-slat, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokwakheka kosayizi wesakhiwo sama-slat. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokudingekile. Amakhono ochwepheshe kudingeka azame ngesibindi ekusebenzeni. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ipuleti elikhulu lokushelela bungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Njengamanje, inani lemigodi kuma-slats e-fiber eqhubekayo e-basalt ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi yimigodi engu-200 nemigodi engu-400. Indlela yokukhiqiza ama-sluice amaningi nama-slats amakhulu izokwandisa amandla omshini owodwa ngokuphindaphindwa. Isiqondiso socwaningo lwama-slats amakhulu sizolandela umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwama-slats e-fiber engilazi, kusukela emigodini engu-800, imigodi engu-1200, imigodi engu-1600, imigodi engu-2400, njll. kuya ekuqondisweni kwemigodi eminingi yama-slat. Ucwaningo nocwaningo lwalobu buchwepheshe luzosiza izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ukunciphisa i-fiber ye-basalt nakho kunegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuyindlela engenakugwenywa yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-basalt fiber eqondile engasontekile, nokusheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiberglass nezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
Ucwaningo ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt: izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyisisekelo samabhizinisi okukhiqiza. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngenxa yomthelela wezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo zikazwelonke, izimayini eziningi ze-basalt eShayina azikwazanga ukumba ngokujwayelekile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa azikaze zibe yinto egxile kakhulu kumabhizinisi okukhiqiza esikhathini esidlule. Sekuyisithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni, futhi kuphoqe abakhiqizi nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuthi baqale ukufunda ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt.
Isici sobuchwepheshe senqubo yokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber ukuthi ilandela inqubo yokukhiqiza yeSoviet Union yangaphambili futhi isebenzisa i-basalt ore eyodwa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifuna ukwakheka kwe-ore. Umkhuba wamanje wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ukusebenzisa amaminerali emvelo e-basalt ahlanzekile noma amaningana ahlukene ukuze kuhlanganiswe umkhiqizo, okuhambisana nezici ezibizwa ngokuthi “izimpawu zokukhishwa kwe-zero”. Izinkampani eziningana zokukhiqiza zasekhaya bezicwaninga futhi zizama.