Ukufakelwa okubandayo kunye nokufakelwa okushushu ziinkqubo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo eziqhelekileyo kwicandelo lokufakelwa kwesinyithi. Zinomahluko omkhulu kwi-plasticity yezinto eziphathekayo, iimeko zobushushu, ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure, kunye noluhlu lwezicelo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngokweenkcukacha ngeempawu zezi nkqubo zimbini, kunye nokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokufakelwa ababandayo nabashushu kwimveliso yokwenyani.
Umahluko phakathi kokwenza izinto ezibandayo kunye nokwenza izinto ezishushu
I-Cold forging ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokubumba eyenziwa kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ubushushu be-metal workpiece buphantsi kunobushushu be-recrystallization. Ngenxa yokungabi naplastiki kakuhle kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi, i-cold forging idla ngokufuna amandla amakhulu ukuze kwenziwe i-plastic deformation. Ke ngoko, i-cold forging ifanelekile kwi-alloy materials ezinamandla aphezulu. I-Hot forging yinkqubo yokubumba eyenziwa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ubushushu be-metal workpiece buphezulu kunobushushu be-recrystallization. Kubushushu obuphezulu, i-metal ine-plasticity elungileyo, ngoko i-hot forging kufuneka isebenzise amandla amancinci, afanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zesinyithi.
Umahluko kubushushu phakathi kokufakelwa okubandayo kunye nokufakelwa okushushu kunempembelelo enkulu kwisakhiwo sezinto ezincinci. Ngexesha lokufakelwa okubandayo, iinkozo zesinyithi azikwazi ukuphinda zisetyenziswe, ngoko ke imo yeenkozo zokuqala idla ngokugcinwa emva kokufakelwa okubandayo. Kwinkqubo yokufakelwa okushushu, iinkozo zesinyithi kulula ukuziphinda zisetyenziswe kubushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke isakhiwo seenkozo esifanayo nesicolekileyo sidla ngokufunyanwa emva kokufakelwa okushushu. Ke ngoko, ukufakwa okushushu kunokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuqina kwezinto.
Ukongeza, i-cold forging kunye ne-hot forging zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. I-cold forging isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto zokusebenza ze-alloy ezinamandla aphezulu kunye ne-plasticity ephantsi, njengentsimbi enamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-cold forging ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvelisa izinto zokusebenza ezincinci nezifanayo nezilula. I-hot forging ifanelekile kwizinto ezininzi zesinyithi. Ingenza izinto zokusebenza ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kwaye inokuphucula ukuqina kunye ne-plasticity yezinto. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izixhobo ezinkulu zoshishino ezifana neenxalenye zeemoto, iindawo zeenqwelo moya, kunye noomatshini bobunjineli.
Umatshini wokwenza ubushushu kunye nomatshini wokwenza ubushushu
A umatshini wokubumba obandayosisixhobo esikhethekileyo senkqubo yokubumba ngokubandayo, uphawu lwaso oluphambili kukuba sinokwenza ukubumba ngentsimbi kubushushu begumbi. Oomatshini bokubumba ngokubandayo ngokubanzi baquka oomatshini bokubumba ngokubandayo be-hydraulic kunye noomatshini bokubumba ngokubandayo be-mechanical. Umatshini wokwenza ngokubandayo we-hydraulic uqhuba inkqubo yokubumba ngenkqubo ye-hydraulic, enamandla amakhulu okubumba kunye nokuguquguquka kwaye ungasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokusebenza zobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Umatshini wokwenza ngokubandayo we-mechanical ufezekisa inkqubo yokubumba ngokudluliselwa koomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini wokwenza ngokubandayo we-hydraulic, amandla awo okubumba mancinci, kodwa aneenzuzo kwezinye izicelo ezithile.
Umatshini wokufunxa oshushu sisixhobo esikhethekileyo senkqubo yokufunxa oshushu kwaye unokwenza ukufunxa kwesinyithi phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo usebenzisa uthumelo lwe-hydraulic okanye lwe-mechanical. Kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini zikhethwa ngokweemfuno zamandla okufunxa afunekayo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo.umatshini wokucinezela oshushuIfudumeza i-workpiece yesinyithi ngaphezu kobushushu bokuphinda i-recrystallization ukuze ifikelele kwi-plasticity elungileyo ize isebenzise amandla afanelekileyo ukugqiba inkqubo yokubumba.
Kwimveliso yokwenyani, zombini oomatshini bokubumba ngobushushu kunye noomatshini bokubumba ngobushushu badlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umatshini wokwenza ngobushushu ufanelekile kwizixhobo ze-alloy ezineemfuno eziphantsi zeplastiki kunye neemfuno zokuqina okuphezulu. Uhlala usetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokusebenza ezincinci, ezifana neebholiti, amantongomane, njl. Umatshini wokwenza ngobushushu ufanelekile kwizixhobo zesinyithi ezineemfuno eziphezulu kwiplastiki yezinto kwaye kufuneka ziphucule ukuqina kunye neplastiki. Unokwenza izinto zokusebenza ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo, njengee-crankshafts zeemoto kunye neenxalenye ze-aero-injini.
Ngamafutshane, i-cold forging kunye ne-hot forging ziinkqubo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo kwi-metal forging. Kwaye zinomahluko omkhulu kubushushu, i-plasticity yezinto, i-microstructure, kunye noluhlu lwesicelo. I-cold forging ifanelekile kwi-alloy materials enamandla aphezulu kunye ne-plasticity ephantsi, ngelixa i-hot forging ifanelekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, ngakumbi ezo zifuna ukuphucula ukuqina kunye ne-plasticity. Iimashini ze-cold forging kunye neemashini ze-hot forging zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ezi nkqubo zimbini. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lokucubungula isinyithi, zibonelela ngendawo yesinyithi esemgangathweni ophezulu kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.
UZhengxi ngumntu owaziwayoumenzi weemashini zokushicilela eTshayina, ebonelela ngoomatshini bokubumba ababandayo abakumgangatho ophezulu kunye noomatshini bokubumba abashushu. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imfuno, nceda unxibelelane nathi ngoko nangoko. Iingcali zethu ziya kukunika izisombululo zokushicilela ze-hydraulic ezigqibeleleyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-04-2023
