Ukwakha okubandayo kanye nokwakha okushisayo kuyizinqubo ezimbili ezibalulekile ezivamile emkhakheni wokwakha insimbi. Zinomehluko omkhulu ekubumbeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izimo zokushisa, isakhiwo esincane, kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngezici zalezi zinqubo ezimbili, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokwakha ebandayo neshisayo ekukhiqizeni kwangempela.
Umehluko phakathi kokwenza okubandayo kanye nokwenza okushisayo
Ukufakwa kwe-cold forging kubhekisela enqubweni yokufakwa kwe-folding eyenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa, kanti izinga lokushisa le-workpiece yensimbi liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lokufakwa kwe-recrystallization. Ngenxa yokungabi plastic kahle kwezinto ezisetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukufakwa kwe-cold forging kuvame ukudinga amandla amakhulu ukuze kwenziwe ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwe-cold forging kufanelekile ezintweni ze-alloy ezinamandla aphezulu. Ukufakwa kwe-hot forging kuyinqubo yokufakwa kwe-folding eyenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, kanti izinga lokushisa le-workpiece yensimbi liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lokufakwa kwe-recrystallization. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, insimbi inokufakwa kwe-plastic okuhle, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwe-hot forging kudinga ukusebenzisa amandla amancane, okufanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zensimbi.
Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kokufakelwa okubandayo kanye nokufakelwa okushisayo kunomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni esincane sezinto. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa okubandayo, izinhlamvu zensimbi azivamile ukuphinda zisetshenziswe, ngakho-ke isimo sezinhlamvu zokuqala sivame ukugcinwa ngemva kokufakelwa okubandayo. Enkambisweni yokufakelwa okushisayo, izinhlamvu zensimbi kulula ukuziphinda zisetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sezinhlamvu esifanayo nesicwebezelayo sivame ukutholakala ngemva kokufakelwa okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa okushisayo kungathuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokuqina kwezinto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cold forging kanye ne-hot forging zinamazinga ahlukene ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo. I-cold forging isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ze-alloy ezinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-plasticity ephansi, njengensimbi enamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cold forging idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, ivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ezincane nezinomumo olula. I-hot forging ifaneleka ezintweni eziningi zensimbi. Ingakhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingathuthukisa ukuqina kanye ne-plasticity yezinto. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemishini emikhulu yezimboni njengezingxenye zezimoto, izingxenye zezindiza, kanye nemishini yobunjiniyela.
Umshini wokwakha obandayo kanye nomshini wokwakha oshisayo
A umshini wokwakha obandayoiyimishini ekhethekile yenqubo yokugaya ebandayo, isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi ingenza ukugaya kwensimbi ekushiseni kwegumbi. Imishini yokugaya ebandayo ngokuvamile ifaka imishini yokugaya ebandayo ye-hydraulic kanye nemishini yokugaya ebandayo ye-mechanical. Umshini wokugaya obandayo we-hydraulic uqhuba inqubo yokugaya ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic, olunamandla amakhulu okugaya kanye nokuguquguquka futhi lungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Umshini wokugaya obandayo we-mechanical uqaphela inqubo yokugaya ngokudluliswa kwemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wokugaya obandayo we-hydraulic, amandla awo okugaya mancane, kodwa anezinzuzo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Umshini wokugaya oshisayo uyimishini ekhethekile yenqubo yokugaya okushisa futhi ungenza ukugaya kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuvamile usebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwe-hydraulic noma kwe-mechanical. Futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini zikhethwa ngokuya ngamandla okugaya adingekayo kanye nezidingo zenqubo.umshini wokucindezela oshisayoishisa umsebenzi wensimbi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokuphinda usebenzise i-crystallization ukuze ifinyelele i-plasticity enhle bese isebenzisa amandla afanele ukuqedela inqubo yokwakheka.
Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, kokubili imishini yokugaya ebandayo kanye nemishini yokugaya eshisayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Umshini wokugaya obandayo ufanelekela izinto ze-alloy ezinezidingo eziphansi ze-plasticity kanye nezidingo zamandla aphezulu. Ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ezincane, njengemibhoshongo, amantongomane, njll. Umshini wokugaya oshisayo ufanelekela izinto zensimbi ezinezidingo eziphezulu ze-plasticity yezinto futhi ezidinga ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye ne-plasticity. Ungakhiqiza izinto zokusebenza ezinkulu nezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-crankshafts yezimoto kanye nezingxenye ze-aero-injini.
Ngamafuphi, i-cold forging kanye ne-hot forging yizinqubo ezimbili ezivamile ekubumbeni insimbi. Futhi zinomehluko omkhulu ekushiseni, i-plasticity yezinto ezibonakalayo, isakhiwo esincane, kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. I-cold forging ifaneleka ezintweni ze-alloy ezinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-plasticity ephansi, kuyilapho i-hot forging ifaneleka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zensimbi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye ne-plasticity. Imishini ye-cold forging kanye nemishini ye-hot forging iyimishini ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukufeza lezi zinqubo ezimbili. Zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula insimbi, zihlinzeka ngezingxenye zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezimboni ezahlukene.
UZhengxi uyaziwa kakhuluumenzi wemishini yokucindezela eShayina, ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yokugaya ebandayo esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemishini yokugaya eshisayo. Uma unezidingo, sicela usithinte ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe bethu bazokunikeza izixazululo zokucindezela kwe-hydraulic eziphelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-04-2023
