Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka kayan haɗin gwiwa, ban da filastik da aka ƙarfafa da fiber gilashi, filastik da aka ƙarfafa da fiber carbon, filastik da aka ƙarfafa da fiber boron, da sauransu sun bayyana. Haɗin polymer da aka ƙarfafa da fiber carbon (CFRP) kayan aiki ne masu sauƙi kuma masu ƙarfi waɗanda ake amfani da su don ƙera kayayyaki da yawa da muke amfani da su a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don bayyana kayan haɗin fiber da aka ƙarfafa waɗanda ke amfani da zaruruwan carbon a matsayin babban ɓangaren tsarin.
Teburin Abubuwan da ke Ciki:
1. Tsarin Polymer Mai Ƙarfafawa na Carbon Fiber
2. Hanyar Gyaran Roba Mai Ƙarfafa Zaren Carbon
3. Abubuwan da ke cikin Polymer ɗin da aka ƙarfafa da aka haɗa da Carbon Fiber
4. Fa'idodin CFRP
5. Rashin Amfanin CFRP
6. Amfani da Roba Mai Ƙarfafawa da Fiber na Carbon
Tsarin Polymer Mai Ƙarfafa Carbon Fiber
Roba mai ƙarfafa zaren carbon abu ne da aka samar ta hanyar shirya kayan zaren carbon a wani takamaiman alkibla da kuma amfani da kayan polymer da aka haɗa. Diamita na zaren carbon siriri ne sosai, kimanin microns 7, amma ƙarfinsa yana da matuƙar girma.
Mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren abubuwan da aka haɗa da sinadarin carbon fiber shine filament ɗin carbon fiber. Babban kayan da aka haɗa da filament ɗin carbon shine prepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, ko petroleum pitch. Sannan ana yin filament ɗin carbon ɗin zuwa yadin carbon fiber ta hanyar sinadarai da hanyoyin injiniya don sassan carbon fiber.
Polymer ɗin da ke ɗaurewa yawanci resin thermosetting ne kamar epoxy. Wasu thermosets ko polymers na thermoplastic ana amfani da su a wasu lokutan, kamar polyvinyl acetate ko nailan. Baya ga zaruruwan carbon, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na iya ƙunsar aramid Q, polyethylene mai nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa, aluminum, ko zaruruwan gilashi. Halayen samfurin fiber carbon na ƙarshe kuma za a iya shafar su ta hanyar nau'in ƙarin abubuwa da aka shigar a cikin matrix ɗin haɗin gwiwa.
Hanyar Gyaran Roba Mai Ƙarfafa Fiber na Carbon
Kayayyakin zare na carbon galibi sun bambanta saboda hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da kayan polymer da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon.
1. Hanyar Ajiye Hannu
An raba shi zuwa hanyar busasshe (shagon da aka riga aka shirya) da kuma hanyar da aka jika (yadin zare da resin da aka manne don amfani). Ana kuma amfani da kayan da aka shirya da hannu don shirya kayan da aka shirya don amfani a cikin hanyoyin gyare-gyare na biyu kamar gyaran matsi. Wannan hanyar ita ce inda aka sanya zanen zaren carbon a kan mold don samar da samfurin ƙarshe. Ƙarfi da tauri na kayan da aka samar ana inganta su ta hanyar zaɓar daidaito da saƙa zaren masana'anta. Sannan ana cika mold ɗin da epoxy kuma ana warke shi da zafi ko iska. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan hanyar ƙera don sassan da ba su da damuwa, kamar murfin injin.
2. Hanyar Samar da Injin Tsafta
Don yin laminated prepreg, ya zama dole a yi amfani da matsi ta hanyar wani tsari don sanya shi kusa da mold da kuma warkar da shi da kuma siffanta shi a ƙarƙashin wani zafin jiki da matsin lamba. Hanyar jakar vacuum tana amfani da famfon vacuum don fitar da cikin jakar da aka samar ta yadda matsin lamba mara kyau tsakanin jakar da mold ɗin zai samar da matsi ta yadda kayan haɗin ke kusa da mold ɗin.
Dangane da hanyar jakar vacuum, an samo hanyar samar da jakar vacuum-autoclave daga baya. Autoclaves suna ba da matsin lamba mafi girma kuma zafi yana warkar da ɓangaren (maimakon warkarwa ta halitta) fiye da hanyoyin da jakar vacuum kawai ke bayarwa. Irin wannan ɓangaren yana da tsari mafi ƙanƙanta, ingancin saman da ya fi kyau, yana iya kawar da kumfa ta iska yadda ya kamata (kumfa zai yi tasiri sosai ga ƙarfin ɓangaren), kuma ingancin gabaɗaya ya fi girma. A zahiri, tsarin sanya jakar vacuum yayi kama da na manne fim ɗin wayar hannu. Kawar da kumfa ta iska babban aiki ne.
3. Hanyar Matsewa
Tsarin matsiwata hanya ce ta ƙera kayayyaki wadda ke da amfani ga samar da kayayyaki da kuma samar da kayayyaki da yawa. Yawanci ana yin ƙera kayayyaki ne daga ɓangarorin sama da na ƙasa, waɗanda muke kira ƙera kayayyaki na maza da kuma ƙera kayayyaki na mata. Tsarin ƙera kayayyaki shine a sanya tabarmar da aka yi da prepregs a cikin ƙera kayayyaki na ƙarfe, kuma a ƙarƙashin tasirin wani zafin jiki da matsin lamba, ana dumama tabarmar kuma a sanya ta a cikin ramin ƙera kayayyaki, tana gudana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, kuma tana cika ramin ƙera kayayyaki, sannan kuma tana ƙera kayayyaki da kuma gyarawa don samun kayayyaki. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar tana da farashi mafi girma fiye da na baya, tunda ƙera tana buƙatar injin CNC mai inganci sosai.
4. Ginawa Mai Lanƙwasa
Ga sassan da ke da siffofi masu rikitarwa ko kuma siffar jikin juyin juya hali, ana iya amfani da na'urar naɗa filament don yin ɓangaren ta hanyar naɗa filament ɗin a kan mandrel ko core. Bayan naɗawa, an gama gogewa sannan a cire mandrel ɗin. Misali, ana iya yin hannun haɗin bututun da ake amfani da su a tsarin dakatarwa ta amfani da wannan hanyar.
5. Canja wurin Guduro
Tsarin canza resin (RTM) wata hanya ce da aka fi sani da tsarin ƙera shi. Matakan da aka bi sune:
1. Sanya yadin da aka shirya da aka yi da carbon fiber mara kyau a cikin mold ɗin sannan a rufe mold ɗin.
2. A zuba ruwan zafi mai sanya thermosetting a ciki, a saka kayan ƙarfafawa a ciki, sannan a warke.
Abubuwan da aka gina a cikin ƙwayar carbon fiber mai ƙarfi
(1) Ƙarfi mai yawa da kuma kyakkyawan sassauci.
Ƙarfin takamaiman (wato, rabon ƙarfin tauri da yawa) na zare na carbon ya ninka na ƙarfe sau 6 da kuma sau 17 na aluminum. Tsarin takamaiman (wato, rabon tsarin Young da yawa, wanda alama ce ta sassaucin abu) ya fi na ƙarfe ko aluminum sau 3.
Da ƙarfinsa mai girma, zai iya ɗaukar babban nauyin aiki. Matsakaicin matsin aikin sa zai iya kaiwa 350 kg/cm2. Bugu da ƙari, ya fi ƙarfin matsewa da juriya fiye da tsantsar F-4 da kitsonsa.
(2) Kyakkyawan juriya ga gajiya da juriya ga lalacewa.
Juriyar gajiyarsa ta fi ta epoxy resin kuma ta fi ta ƙarfe girma. Zaren graphite suna shafa mai da kansu kuma suna da ƙaramin adadin gogayya. Yawan lalacewa ya fi na samfuran asbestos na yau da kullun ko kitso na F-4 sau 5-10 ƙasa.
(3) Kyakkyawan watsawar zafi da juriya ga zafi.
Robalan da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon suna da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, kuma zafin da gogayya ke haifarwa yana raguwa cikin sauƙi. Ba shi da sauƙin zafi fiye da kima da adana zafi kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan rufewa mai ƙarfi. A cikin iska, yana iya aiki daidai a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -120 ~ 350°C. Tare da raguwar abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfen alkali a cikin zaren carbon, zafin sabis ɗin na iya ƙaruwa. A cikin iskar gas mara aiki, zafinsa mai daidaitawa zai iya kaiwa kimanin 2000°C, kuma yana iya jure canje-canje masu kaifi a cikin sanyi da zafi.
(4) Kyakkyawan juriya ga girgiza.
Ba abu ne mai sauƙi a ji ƙara ko girgiza ba, kuma abu ne mai kyau don rage girgiza da rage hayaniya.
Fa'idodin CFRP
1. Nauyi Mai Sauƙi
Robalan gargajiya da aka ƙarfafa da zare na gilashi suna amfani da zare na gilashi mai ci gaba da zare na gilashi 70% (nauyin gilashi/jimillar nauyinsa) kuma yawanci suna da yawa na fam 0.065 a kowace cubic inci. Haɗin CFRP mai nauyin kashi 70% na zare yawanci yana da yawa na fam 0.055 a kowace cubic inci.
2. Babban Ƙarfi
Duk da cewa polymers ɗin da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon suna da nauyi, haɗin CFRP suna da ƙarfi mafi girma da kuma tauri mafi girma a kowace naúrar fiye da haɗin zare na gilashi. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan ƙarfe, wannan fa'idar ta fi bayyana.
Rashin Amfanin CFRP
1. Babban Farashi
Kudin samar da robobin da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon abu ne mai tsauri. Farashin zare na carbon na iya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin kasuwa na yanzu (samarwa da buƙata), nau'in zare na carbon (aerospace vs. matakin kasuwanci), da girman zare. Dangane da fam-da-fam, zare na carbon mai ban mamaki na iya zama mafi tsada sau 5 zuwa 25 fiye da zare na gilashi. Wannan bambancin ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta ƙarfe da CFRP.
2. Tsarin watsawa
Wannan shine fa'ida da rashin amfanin kayan haɗin fiber na carbon. Ya danganta da aikace-aikacen. Zaruruwan carbon suna da matuƙar amfani kuma zaruruwan gilashi suna da kariya. Yawancin kayayyaki suna amfani da fiberglass maimakon carbon fiber ko ƙarfe saboda suna buƙatar kariya mai ƙarfi. A cikin samar da kayan aiki, kayayyaki da yawa suna buƙatar amfani da zaruruwan gilashi.
Amfani da Roba Mai Ƙarfafawa na Carbon Fiber
Amfani da polymer mai ƙarfafa zare na carbon yana da faɗi a rayuwa, tun daga sassan injina har zuwa kayan aikin soja.
(1)kamar yadda aka rufe marufi
Ana iya yin kayan PTFE da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon su zama zoben rufewa ko marufi masu jure tsatsa, masu jure lalacewa, da kuma masu jure zafin jiki mai yawa. Idan aka yi amfani da su don rufewa mai tsauri, tsawon rayuwar sabis ɗin ya fi tsayi, fiye da sau 10 fiye da na marufi na asbestos da aka nutse cikin mai. Yana iya kiyaye aikin rufewa a ƙarƙashin canje-canjen kaya da sanyaya da sauri da kuma dumama da sauri. Kuma tunda kayan ba ya ƙunshe da abubuwa masu lalata, babu tsatsa da za ta faru a kan ƙarfe.
(2)a matsayin sassan niƙa
Ta hanyar amfani da kayan shafawa na kansa, ana iya amfani da shi azaman bearings, gears, da piston zobba don dalilai na musamman. Kamar bearings masu lubricated marasa mai don kayan aikin jirgin sama da na'urorin rikodin tef, gears masu lubricated marasa mai don locomotives na dizal na watsa wutar lantarki (don guje wa haɗurra da zubar mai ke haifarwa), zoben piston masu lubricated marasa mai akan na'urorin compressors, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi azaman bearings masu zamiya ko hatimi a masana'antar abinci da magunguna ta hanyar amfani da halayensa marasa guba.
(3) A matsayin kayan gini don sararin samaniya, jiragen sama, da makamai masu linzami. An fara amfani da shi a masana'antar jiragen sama don rage nauyin jirgin da inganta ingancin tashi. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin sinadarai, man fetur, wutar lantarki, injina, da sauran masana'antu azaman hatimin juyawa ko mai juyawa ko kayan hatimi daban-daban.
Zhengxi ƙwararre neMasana'antar injinan injinan injina na ruwa a China, yana samar da inganci mai kyauna'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa latsadon samar da samfuran CFRP.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-25-2023
