I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā rauemi hiato, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe, kua puta mai ngā kirihou whakakaha muka waro, ngā kirihou whakakaha muka boron, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā hiato pūmua whakakaha muka waro (CFRP) he rauemi mama, he rauemi kaha hoki e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā hua maha e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. He kupu tēnei e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā rauemi hiato whakakaha muka e whakamahi ana i ngā muka waro hei wāhanga hanganga matua.
Rārangi Kaupapa:
1. Hanganga Pūmārō Whakakahangia e te muka waro
2. Te Tikanga Whakarewa o te Kirihou Whakakahangia Muka Waro
3. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pūmua Whakakaha Muka Waro
4. Ngā Painga o te CFRP
5. Ngā huakore o te CFRP
6. Ngā Whakamahinga Kirihou Whakakahangia e te Muka Waro
Hanganga Pūmārō Whakakahangia Muka Waro
Ko te kirihou whakakaha muka waro he rauemi i hangaia mā te whakarite i ngā rauemi muka waro ki tētahi ahunga me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi pūmua honohono. He tino angiangi te diameter o te muka waro, tata ki te 7 maikorona, engari he tino teitei tōna kaha.
Ko te wāhanga matua o te rauemi hiato kua whakapakarihia ki te muka waro ko te miro muka waro. Ko te rauemi mata matua o te miro waro ko te prepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), te rayon, te petroleum pitch rānei. Kātahi ka hangaia ngā miro waro hei papanga muka waro mā ngā tikanga matū me ngā tikanga ā-ringa mō ngā wāhanga muka waro.
Ko te pūmua here he kapia whakatakoto wera pērā i te epoxy. I ētahi wā ka whakamahia ētahi atu pūmua wera, pūmua kirihou wera rānei, pērā i te polyvinyl acetate, te nairona rānei. Haunga ngā muka waro, ka taea hoki e ngā mea honohono te whakauru i te aramid Q, te polyethylene taumaha-rahi rawa, te konumohe, ngā muka karāhe rānei. Ka taea hoki e te momo tāpiri i whakaurua ki roto i te anga hononga te pā ki ngā āhuatanga o te hua muka waro whakamutunga.
Te Tikanga Whakarewa o te Kirihou Whakakahangia Muka Waro
He rerekē ngā hua muka waro nā runga i ngā tukanga rerekē. He maha ngā tikanga mō te hanga rauemi pūmua kua whakakahangia ki te muka waro.
1. Tikanga Whakatakoto-ā-Ringa
Kua wehea ki te tikanga maroke (te toa kua oti te whakarite) me te tikanga mākū (te papanga muka me te kapia kua whakapirihia hei whakamahi). Ka whakamahia hoki te whakatakoto-ā-ringa hei whakarite i ngā prepreg hei whakamahi i roto i ngā tukanga whakahāngai tuarua pēnei i te whakahāngai pēhi. Ko tēnei tikanga te wāhi e whakarārangihia ai ngā rau kakahu muka waro ki runga i te pokepoke hei hanga i te hua whakamutunga. Ka arotauhia te kaha me te pakari o te rauemi hua mā te whiriwhiri i te whakaritenga me te whatu o ngā muka papanga. Kātahi ka whakakīia te pokepoke ki te epoxy ka whakamarokehia ki te wera, ki te hau rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hanga mō ngā wāhanga kāore i te taumaha, pēnei i ngā taupoki miihini.
2. Tikanga Hanga Korehau
Mō te prepreg kua whakakikoruatia, me pēhi mā roto i tētahi tukanga motuhake kia tata ai ki te pokepokea ai, kia whakamaroke ai, kia hangaia ai i raro i tētahi pāmahana me tētahi pēhanga. Mā te tikanga pēke korehau ka whakamahia he papu korehau hei tango i te roto o te pēke hanga kia puta ai te pēhanga kino i waenganui i te pēke me te pokepokea ai he pēhanga kia tata ai te rauemi whakahiato ki te pokepokea ai.
I runga i te tikanga pēke korehau, i ahu mai te tikanga hanga pēke korehau-autoclave i muri mai. Ka nui ake te pēhanga ka tukuna e ngā autoclave, ā, ka whakamahanahia te wāhanga (kaua e whakamahanahia māori) i ngā tikanga pēke korehau anake. He hanganga kiato ake tēnei wāhanga, he pai ake te kounga o te mata, ā, ka taea te whakakore i ngā mirumiru hau (ka pā nui ngā mirumiru ki te kaha o te wāhanga), ā, he teitei ake te kounga whānui. Inaa, he rite te tukanga o te tākai korehau ki te whakapiri kiriata waea pūkoro. He mahi nui te whakakore i ngā mirumiru hau.
3. Tikanga Whakarewa Kōpeketanga
Te whakapūtanga kōpeketangaHe tikanga hanga e pai ana mō te whakaputa papatipu me te whakaputa papatipu. Ko ngā pokepoke he mea hanga i ngā wāhanga o runga me raro, e kiia nei e mātou he pokepoke tāne me he pokepoke wahine. Ko te tukanga hanga he whakanoho i te whāriki i hangaia mai i ngā prepreg ki roto i te pokepoke whakarewa, ā, i raro i te mahi a tētahi pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka whakamahanahia te whāriki ka whakakirihouhia ki roto i te kōhao pokepoke, ka rere i raro i te pēhanga, ka whakakī i te kōhao pokepoke, kātahi ka hanga me te whakamaroke kia puta ai ngā hua. Heoi, he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o tēnei tikanga i ngā mea o mua, nā te mea e hiahiatia ana e te pokepoke he miihini CNC tino tika.
4. Te Whakakikorua i te Whakakikorua
Mō ngā wāhanga he āhua uaua, he āhua tinana hurihuri rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te mīhini takai miro hei hanga i te wāhanga mā te takai i te miro ki runga i te mandrel, i te uho rānei. Kia oti te takai te whakamaroke, ka tangohia te mandrel. Hei tauira, ka taea te hanga i ngā ringa hononga ngongo e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakatārewatanga mā te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga.
5. Te Whakarewa Whakawhiti Resin
He tikanga hanga rongonui te hanga whakawhiti kapia (RTM). Ko ōna mahi matua ko:
1. Whakatakotoria te papanga muka waro kino kua whakaritea ki roto i te pokepokea ai, ka kati i te pokepokea ai.
2. Werohia te kapia wai whakamahana ki roto, whakakīia te rauemi whakakaha, kātahi ka whakamaroke.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pūmua Whakakaha Muka Waro
(1) He kaha nui, he ngāwari hoki.
Ko te kaha motuhake (arā, te ōwehenga o te kaha kume ki te mātotoru) o te muka waro he 6 ngā wā o te maitai, ā, 17 ngā wā o te konumohe. Ko te modulus motuhake (arā, te ōwehenga o te modulus a Young ki te mātotoru, he tohu tēnei mō te ngāwari o tētahi mea) he nui ake i te 3 ngā wā o te maitai, o te konumohe rānei.
He kaha motuhake teitei, ā, ka taea e ia te pikau i te kawenga mahi nui. Ka taea e tōna pēhanga mahi mōrahi te eke ki te 350 kg/cm2. Hei tāpiri, he ngāwari ake te pēhi me te pakari i te F-4 parakore me tōna whiri.
(2) He ātete pai ki te ngenge me te ātete ki te kakahu.
He nui ake tōna ātete ki te ngenge i tō te kapia epoxy, ā, he teitei ake i tō ngā rauemi whakarewa. He hinuhinu ā-whaiaro ngā muka graphite, ā, he iti noa te tauwehenga o te waku. Ko te nui o te kakahu he 5-10 ngā wā iti iho i tō ngā hua asbestos whānui, ngā whiri F-4 rānei.
(3) He pai te kawe wera me te ātete wera.
He pai te kawe wera o ngā kirihou kua whakapakaritia ki te muka waro, ā, he ngāwari te memeha o te wera i puta mai i te waku. Kāore e ngāwari te wera rawa o roto, ā, ka taea te penapena wera, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi hiri hihiri. I te hau, ka taea te mahi pumau i roto i te awhe pāmahana -120~350°C. Mā te whakaiti i te ihirangi konganuku kawakore i roto i te muka waro, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ratonga. I roto i te hau kore mahi, ka taea e tōna pāmahana urutau te eke ki te 2000°C, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā huringa ohorere o te makariri me te wera.
(4) He ātete pai ki te wiri.
Ehara i te mea ngāwari te haruru, te wiri rānei, ā, he rauemi pai rawa atu hoki mō te whakaiti i te wiri me te haruru.
Ngā Painga o te CFRP
1. Taumaha Māmā
Ko ngā kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā muka karāhe tonu me te 70% o ngā muka karāhe (taumaha karāhe/taumaha katoa) ā, ko te matotoru he 0.065 pauna ia inihi kūpiko. Ko te hiato CFRP he rite te taumaha muka ki te 70%, ko te matotoru he 0.055 pauna ia inihi kūpiko.
2. Kaha Teitei
Ahakoa he mama ngā pūmua kua whakapakarihia ki te muka waro, he nui ake te kaha me te pakari o ngā hiato CFRP mō ia taumaha i ngā hiato muka karāhe. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi whakarewa, he mārama ake tēnei painga.
Ngā huakore o te CFRP
1. Te utu nui
He tino nui te utu hanga o te kirihou whakakaha muka waro. Ka rerekē rawa ngā utu muka waro i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te mākete o nāianei (te tuku me te tono), te momo muka waro (te rererangi me te momo arumoni), me te rahi o te paihere muka. I runga i te pauna-mō-te-pauna, ka taea e te muka waro tauhou te 5 ki te 25 ngā wā te utu nui atu i te muka karāhe. He nui ake tēnei rerekētanga ina whakaritea te maitai ki te CFRP.
2. Te kawe hiko
Koinei te painga me te ngoikoretanga o ngā rauemi hiato muka waro. Kei te whakamahinga. He tino kawe hiko ngā muka waro, ā, he ārai wera ngā muka karāhe. He maha ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te muka karāhe hei utu mō te muka waro, te konganuku rānei nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he ārai wera pakari. I roto i te hanga o ngā taputapu, he maha ngā hua e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i ngā muka karāhe.
Ngā Whakamahinga Kirihou Whakakahangia e te Muka Waro
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te pūmua whakakaha muka waro i roto i te ao whānui, mai i ngā wāhanga miihini ki ngā rauemi hōia.
(1)hei tākai hiri
Ka taea te hanga i te rauemi PTFE kua whakapakarihia ki te muka waro hei mowhiti hiri, hei takai rānei e ātete ana ki te waikura, e ātete ana ki te kakahu, e ātete ana hoki ki te pāmahana teitei. Ina whakamahia mō te hiri pūmau, he roa ake te ora mahi, neke atu i te 10 ngā wā i tērā o te takai asbestos rumakina ki te hinu whānui. Ka taea e ia te pupuri i te mahi hiri i raro i ngā huringa kawenga me te whakamatao tere me te whakamahana tere. Ā, nā te mea kāore he matū waikura i roto i te rauemi, kāore he waikura poka e puta ki te konganuku.
(2)hei wāhanga huri
Mā te whakamahi i ōna āhuatanga whakahinuhinu-ake, ka taea te whakamahi hei peera, taputapu, me ngā mowhiti piston mō ngā kaupapa motuhake. Pērā i ngā peera whakahinuhinu kore-hinu mō ngā taputapu rererangi me ngā taputapu hopu rīpene, ngā taputapu whakahinuhinu kore-hinu mō ngā waka tereina hiko tīhi (hei karo i ngā aituā i puta mai i te turuturu hinu), ngā mowhiti piston whakahinuhinu kore-hinu i runga i ngā compressors, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei peera reti, hei hiri rānei i roto i ngā ahumahi kai me te rongoā mā te whakamahi i ōna āhuatanga kore-paitini.
(3) Hei rauemi hanganga mō te rererangi, te rererangi, me ngā pere. I whakamahia tuatahitia i roto i te hanga waka rererangi hei whakaiti i te taumaha o te waka rererangi me te whakapai ake i te pai o te rere. Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te matū, te hinu, te hiko, te mīhini, me ētahi atu ahumahi hei hiri hurihuri, hei hiri hurihuri rānei, hei hiri pūmau rānei.
He tohunga a Zhengxiwheketere pēhi waipēhi i Haina, e whakarato ana i te kounga teiteipēhi waipēhi hiatomō te hanga hua CFRP.
Wā tuku: Mei-25-2023
