Njengoko izinto ezidityanisiweyo ziqhubeka ziphuhliswa, ukongeza kwiiplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha yeglasi, kuye kwavela iiplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni, iiplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha yeboron, njl.njl. ziye zavela. Ii-carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) zizinto ezilula neziqinileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezininzi esizisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezisebenzisa iifayibha zekhabhoni njengeyona nto iphambili yokwakha.
Uluhlu Lomxholo:
1. Ulwakhiwo lwePolymer oluQinisekisiweyo lweCarbon Fiber
2. Indlela yokubumba iplastiki eqinisiweyo yeCarbon Fiber
3. Iimpawu zeCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
4. Iingenelo ze-CFRP
5. Iingxaki ze-CFRP
6. Ukusetyenziswa kwePlastiki eQinisekisiweyo yeFayibha yeKhabhoni
Ulwakhiwo lwePolymer oluQinisekisiweyo lweCarbon Fiber
Iplastiki eqinisiweyo yefayibha yekhabhoni yinto eyenziwe ngokuhlela izinto zefayibha yekhabhoni kwicala elithile kunye nokusebenzisa izinto zepolymer ezibotshelelweyo. Ububanzi befayibha yekhabhoni buncinci kakhulu, malunga nee-microns ezi-7, kodwa amandla ayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Eyona nto iphambili kwi-carbon fiber eqinisiweyo yi-carbon fiber filament. Izinto ezisisiseko kwi-carbon filament yi-prepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-rayon, okanye i-petroleum pitch. Emva koko ii-carbon filaments zenziwa zibe ngamalaphu e-carbon fiber ngeendlela zeekhemikhali kunye ne-mechanical kwiinxalenye ze-carbon fiber.
I-polymer ebophayo idla ngokuba yi-thermosetting resin efana ne-epoxy. Amanye ama-thermosets okanye ii-thermoplastic polymers ngamanye amaxesha ziyasetyenziswa, njenge-polyvinyl acetate okanye i-nylon. Ukongeza kwi-carbon fibers, ii-composites zinokuba ne-aramid Q, i-polyethylene enobunzima be-molecular ephezulu kakhulu, i-aluminium, okanye ii-glass fibers. Iimpawu zemveliso yokugqibela ye-carbon fiber zinokuchaphazeleka naluhlobo lwezongezo ezifakwe kwi-bonding matrix.
Indlela Yokubumba Yeplastiki Eqinisiweyo Ye-Carbon Fiber
Iimveliso zefayibha yekhabhoni zahlukile kakhulu ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza izinto zepolymer eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yekhabhoni.
1. Indlela Yokubeka Isandla
Yahlulwe ngokwendlela yokomisa (ivenkile elungiselelwe kwangaphambili) kunye nendlela emanzi (ilaphu lefayibha kunye ne-resin encamathiselweyo ukuze isetyenziswe). Ukubekwa ngesandla kukwasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izinto ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubumba zesibini ezifana nokubumba ngokucinezela. Le ndlela kulapho amaphepha elaphu lefayibha yekhabhoni afakwa khona kwisikhunta ukuze enze imveliso yokugqibela. Iimpawu zokuqina kunye nokuqina kwezinto eziphumayo zilungiswa ngokukhetha ulungelelwaniso kunye nokuluka kweefayibha zelaphu. Emva koko isikhunta sizaliswa nge-epoxy kwaye sinyangwe ngobushushu okanye ngomoya. Le ndlela yokuvelisa idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingaxinezelekanga, ezifana nezigqubuthelo zenjini.
2. Indlela Yokwenza Umatshini Wokugalela I-Vacuum
Kwi-prepreg ene-laminated, kuyimfuneko ukufaka uxinzelelo kwinkqubo ethile ukuze isondele kwi-mold kwaye iphiliswe kwaye ibunjwe phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo. Indlela ye-vacuum bag isebenzisa ipompo ye-vacuum ukukhupha ngaphakathi kwe-folding bag ukuze uxinzelelo olubi phakathi kwe-folding bag kunye ne-mold lwenze uxinzelelo ukuze izinto ezidityanisiweyo zibe kufutshane ne-mold.
Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yengxowa ye-vacuum, indlela yokwenza ingxowa ye-vacuum-autoclave yaveliswa kamva. Ii-Autoclaves zibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye ziphilisa ubushushu benxalenye (endaweni yokuyilungisa ngokwendalo) kuneendlela zengxowa ye-vacuum kuphela. Inxalenye enjalo inesakhiwo esincinci ngakumbi, umgangatho ongcono womphezulu, inokususa ngempumelelo amaqamza omoya (amaqamza aya kuchaphazela kakhulu amandla enxalenye), kwaye umgangatho uwonke uphezulu. Enyanisweni, inkqubo yokufaka i-vacuum bagging ifana naleyo yokunamathela kwefilimu yefowuni ephathwayo. Ukususa amaqamza omoya ngumsebenzi omkhulu.
3. Indlela yokubumba ngoxinzelelo
Ukubumba ucinezeloyindlela yokubumba elungele imveliso enkulu kunye nemveliso enkulu. Iimbotyi zihlala zenziwe ngamalungu aphezulu nasezantsi, esiwabiza ngokuba yimbotyi yamadoda kunye nembotyi yabasetyhini. Inkqubo yokubumba kukufaka imathi eyenziwe ngeeprepregs kwimold yesinyithi, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo, imathi iyafudunyezwa kwaye yenziwe iplastiki kwimold cavity, igeleza phantsi koxinzelelo, ize izalise imold cavity, ize emva koko ibumbe kwaye icocwe ukuze kufumaneke iimveliso. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inexabiso eliphezulu lokuqala kunezo zangaphambili, kuba imold ifuna i-CNC machining echanekileyo kakhulu.
4. Ukubumba Okujikajikayo
Kwiindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezimile okwesiqu esijikelezayo, isixhobo sokujika intambo singasetyenziselwa ukwenza loo nxalenye ngokujika intambo kwi-mandrel okanye embindini. Emva kokuba ukujika kuphelile kwaye ususe i-mandrel. Umzekelo, iingalo ze-tubular joint ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuxhoma zingenziwa kusetyenziswa le ndlela.
5. Ukubumba iResin Transfer
Ukubumba i-resin transfer (RTM) yindlela ethandwayo yokubumba. Amanyathelo ayo asisiseko ngala:
1. Beka ilaphu le-carbon fiber elilungisiweyo kwi-mold uze uvale i-mold.
2. Faka i-resin ye-thermosetting engamanzi kuyo, ugcwalise izinto eziqinisayo, uze uyilungise.
Iipropati zeCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(1) Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuthamba okuhle.
Amandla athile (oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo wamandla okutsalwa kuxinano) we-carbon fiber uphindwe ka-6 kunentsimbi kwaye uphindwe ka-17 kune-aluminium. I-modulus ethile (oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo we-modulus kaYoung kuxinano, oluphawu lokuqina kwento) ingaphezulu ka-3 kunentsimbi okanye i-aluminium.
Xa inamandla aphezulu, inokuthwala umthwalo omkhulu wokusebenza. Uxinzelelo lwayo oluphezulu lokusebenza lunokufikelela kwi-350 kg/cm2. Ukongeza, icinezeleka kwaye inamandla ngakumbi kune-F-4 ecocekileyo kunye nokuluka kwayo.
(2) Ukumelana nokudinwa kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ukumelana kwayo nokudinwa kuphezulu kakhulu kunokwe-epoxy resin kwaye kuphezulu kunokwezinto zesinyithi. Iifayibha zegrafiti ziyazithambisa kwaye zinomlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana. Ubungakanani bokuguguleka buncinci ngokuphindwe ka-5-10 kunokweemveliso ze-asbestos eziqhelekileyo okanye ii-F-4 braids.
(3) Ukuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu kunye nokumelana nobushushu.
Iiplastiki eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yekhabhoni zinomoya ofanelekileyo wokuhambisa ubushushu, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswa kukungqubana buphela lula. Ingaphakathi akulula ukulifudumeza kakhulu nokugcina ubushushu kwaye lingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokutywina esinamandla. Emoyeni, linokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kumanqanaba obushushu ukusuka kwi -120 ~ 350 °C. Ngokuncipha komxholo we-alkali metal kwifayibha yekhabhoni, ubushushu benkonzo bunokunyuka ngakumbi. Kwigesi engasebenziyo, ubushushu bayo obuguquguqukayo bunokufikelela malunga ne-2000 °C, kwaye bunokumelana notshintsho olukhulu ekubandeni nasebushushwini.
(4) Ukumelana nokungcangcazela okuhle.
Akulula ukuyikhupha isandi okanye ukuyishukumisa, kwaye ikwayinto entle kakhulu yokunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.
Iingenelo ze-CFRP
1. Ubunzima obuKhanyayo
Iiplastiki zeglasi eziqinisiweyo zendabuko zisebenzisa iifayibha zeglasi eziqhubekayo kunye neefayibha zeglasi ezingama-70% (ubunzima beglasi/ubunzima obupheleleyo) kwaye zihlala zinobunzima obuziiponti ezingama-0.065 nge-cubic intshi nganye. I-CFRP composite enobunzima obufanayo befayibha engama-70% idla ngokuba nobunzima obuziiponti ezingama-0.055 nge-cubic intshi nganye.
2. Amandla aphezulu
Nangona iipolymers eziqinisiweyo zefayibha yekhabhoni zilula, ii-CFRP composites zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima kunee-composites zefayibha yeglasi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zesinyithi, le nzuzo icacile ngakumbi.
Iingxaki ze-CFRP
1. Ixabiso Eliphezulu
Ixabiso lemveliso yeplastiki eqinisiweyo yefayibha yekhabhoni liphezulu kakhulu. Amaxabiso efayibha yekhabhoni anokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemarike zangoku (ubonelelo kunye nemfuno), uhlobo lwefayibha yekhabhoni (i-aerospace vs. grade yorhwebo), kunye nobukhulu be-fiber bundle. Ngokwesiseko seponti ngeponti, ifayibha yekhabhoni engabonakaliyo ingabiza ngokuphindwe kahlanu ukuya kuma-25 kunefayibha yeglasi. Lo mahluko mkhulu ngakumbi xa uthelekisa intsimbi ne-CFRP.
2. Ukuqhuba kombane
Le yinzuzo kunye nokungalungi kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha yekhabhoni. Kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwayo. Iifayibha zekhabhoni ziqhuba kakuhle kakhulu kwaye iifayibha zeglasi ziyagquma. Iimveliso ezininzi zisebenzisa ifayibha yeglasi endaweni yefayibha yekhabhoni okanye isinyithi kuba zifuna ukugquma okuqinileyo. Kwimveliso yezixhobo zokusebenza, iimveliso ezininzi zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweefayibha zeglasi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwePlastiki eQinisekisiweyo yeFayibha yeKhabhoni
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon fiber reinforced polymer kubanzi ebomini, ukusuka kwiindawo zoomatshini ukuya kwizinto zomkhosi.
(1)njengokupakisha kokuvala
Izinto zePTFE eziqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni zinokwenziwa zibe ziingcingo zokuvala okanye zokupakisha ezimelana nokugqwala, ezimelana nokuguguleka, kunye nezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Xa zisetyenziselwa ukuvala okungaguqukiyo, ubomi benkonzo bude, bungaphezulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunobo bokupakisha i-asbestos efakwe kwioyile ngokubanzi. Zingagcina ukusebenza kokuvala phantsi kotshintsho lomthwalo kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ekubeni izinto zingenazo izinto ezidlakadlaka, akukho mhlwa oza kwenzeka kwisinyithi.
(2)njengeendawo zokusila
Isebenzisa iimpawu zayo zokuzithambisa, ingasetyenziswa njengeebheringi, iigiya, kunye neeringi zepiston ngeenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Ezifana neebheringi ezithanjiswe ngeoyile kwizixhobo zeenqwelo moya kunye neerekhoda zeteyiphu, iigiya ezithanjiswe ngeoyile kwiilocomotive zedizili ezithutha ngombane (ukuthintela iingozi ezibangelwa kukuvuza kweoyile), iiringi zepiston ezithanjiswe ngeoyile kwicompressors, njl. Ukongeza, ingasetyenziswa njengeebheringi ezityibilikayo okanye izitywini kumashishini okutya namayeza ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zayo ezingezizo iityhefu.
(3) Njengezixhobo zokwakha i-aerospace, i-aircraft, kunye nee-missile. Yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yeenqwelo-moya ukunciphisa ubunzima beenqwelo-moya nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhabha. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali, ipetroli, amandla ombane, oomatshini, kunye namanye amashishini njengetywina elijikelezayo okanye elijikelezayo okanye izinto ezahlukeneyo zetywina elingashukumiyo.
UZhengxi yingcaliumzi-mveliso we-hydraulic press eTshayina, ebonelela ngekhwalithi ephezuluumatshini wokushicilela we-hydraulic odityanisiweyoukwenza iimveliso ze-CFRP.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-25-2023
