Kubera iterambere rihoraho ry’ibikoresho bivanze, uretse pulasitiki zikozwe mu kirahure, pulasitiki zikozwe mu munyu wa karuboni, pulasitiki zikozwe mu munyu wa boroni, nibindi byagaragaye. Ibikoresho bya polymeri bikozwe mu munyu wa karuboni (CFRP) ni ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bikomeye bikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu byinshi dukoresha mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu gusobanura ibikoresho bikozwe mu munyu byakoreshejwe mu munyu bikoresha iminyu wa karuboni nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere.
Urutonde rw'ibikubiye muri iki gitabo:
1. Imiterere ya polymeri ishyigikiwe na fibre ya karuboni
2. Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Plastiki Irimo Fibre ya Karuboni
3. Imiterere ya polymeri ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni
4. Ibyiza bya CFRP
5. Ingaruka mbi za CFRP
6. Imikoreshereze ya plastiki ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni
Imiterere ya polymeri ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni
Plastike ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre ya karuboni ni ibikoresho bikorwa no gushyira ibikoresho bya fibre ya karuboni mu cyerekezo runaka no gukoresha ibikoresho bya polymer bifatanye. Umurambararo wa fibre ya karuboni ni muto cyane, hafi mikoroni 7, ariko imbaraga zawo ni nyinshi cyane.
Igice cy'ibanze cy'ibikoresho bigizwe n'ibinyabutabire bya karuboni ni filament ya karuboni. Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ibinyabutabire bya karuboni ni prepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, cyangwa peteroli. Ibinyabutabire bya karuboni bihindurwamo imyenda ya karuboni hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique na mekanike ku bice bya filament ya karuboni.
Polymeri ihambira ubusanzwe ni resini ihindura ikirere nka epoxy. Hari igihe hakoreshwa izindi thermosets cyangwa thermoplastic polymers, nka polyvinyl acetate cyangwa nylon. Uretse fibres za karuboni, composites zishobora kuba zirimo aramid Q, polyethylene ifite uburemere bwa ultra-high molecular, aluminium, cyangwa fibres z'ikirahure. Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya fibre ya karuboni ya nyuma ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bwoko bw'inyongera zishyirwa muri matrix ihuza.
Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Plastiki Irimo Fibre ya Carbone
Ibikomoka kuri fibre ya karuboni ahanini biratandukanye bitewe n'imikorere itandukanye. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibikoresho bya polimeri bikomejwe na fibre ya karuboni.
1. Uburyo bwo guterura amaboko
Bigabanyijemo uburyo bwumutse (bugenewe gutegurwa mbere) n'uburyo bwo gutose (imyenda ya fibre na resin byashyizwemo kole). Gushyiramo intoki binakoreshwa mu gutegura ibikoresho byateguwe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo gushushanya bwa kabiri nko gukanda. Ubu buryo niho impapuro z'imyenda ya fibre ya karuboni zishyirwa ku ibumba kugira ngo bikore umusaruro wa nyuma. Imbaraga n'ubukana bw'ibikoresho bivamo binonosorwa no guhitamo uburyo imigozi y'imyenda ihuzwa. Hanyuma ibumba ryujuzwamo epoxy hanyuma rigakira ubushyuhe cyangwa umwuka. Ubu buryo bwo gukora bukunze gukoreshwa ku bice bidakomeye, nk'ibipfukisho bya moteri.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye
Ku gikoresho cya prepreg gifite laminated, ni ngombwa gushyiramo igitutu binyuze mu buryo runaka kugira ngo cyegereze ifumbire no kuyivura no kuyishushanya munsi y'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko runaka. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ifumbire y'umufuka bukoresha ipompo y'umufuka kugira ngo ikure imbere mu ifumbire kugira ngo igitutu kiri hagati y'ifumbire n'ifumbire kibe igitutu ku buryo ibikoresho bivanze biba hafi y'ifumbire.
Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gukoresha agasanduku k'imyanda, uburyo bwo gukora agasanduku k'imyanda n'agasanduku k'imyanda bwaje kuvumburwa nyuma. Autoclaves zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi kandi zivura ubushyuhe igice (aho gukoresha uburyo bwo gukaraba mu buryo busanzwe) kurusha uburyo bwo gukoresha agasanduku k'imyanda gusa. Igice nk'iki gifite imiterere mito, gifite ubwiza bwiza ku buso, gishobora gukuraho neza udusanduku tw'umwuka (udusanduku tuzagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mbaraga z'igice), kandi ubwiza muri rusange ni bwinshi. Mu by'ukuri, inzira yo gushyira agasanduku k'imyanda isa n'iyo gushyira agapapuro k'imyanda kuri telefoni igendanwa. Gukuraho udusanduku tw'umwuka ni akazi gakomeye.
3. Uburyo bwo Gukamura Igitutu
Gushyiraho icyuma gikonjeshani uburyo bwo gushushanya bufasha mu gukora ibintu byinshi no gukora ibintu byinshi. Ubusanzwe ibibumbano bikozwe mu bice byo hejuru no hasi, ibyo twita ibibumbano by'abagabo n'ibibumbano by'abagore. Uburyo bwo gushushanya ni ugushyira igitambaro cyakozwe mu byuma bitegura gukoreshwa mu ibumba, kandi munsi y'ubushyuhe n'igitutu runaka, igitambaro gishyuha kandi kigashyirwa muri pulasitiki mu mwobo w'ibibumbano, kikanyura munsi y'igitutu, hanyuma kikazura umwobo w'ibibumbano, hanyuma kikabumbwa no gucukurwa kugira ngo kibone ibicuruzwa. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite ikiguzi kinini cy'ibanze ugereranyije n'ibyabanje, kubera ko ikibumbano gisaba imashini ya CNC ikora neza cyane.
4. Gutunganya imigozi
Ku bice bifite imiterere igoye cyangwa bifite ishusho y'umubiri w'impinduka, imashini izunguza imigozi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora igice izunguza imigozi ku gisenge cyangwa mu gice cy'imbere. Nyuma yo kuzunguza imigozi, irakira burundu, hanyuma ukureho umugozi. Urugero, amaboko y'imigozi akoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhagarika imigozi ashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ubu buryo.
5. Gutunganya Resin Transfer
Uburyo bwo gushushanya hakoreshejwe resin (RTM) ni uburyo buzwi cyane bwo gushushanya. Intambwe zabwo z'ibanze ni izi zikurikira:
1. Shyira umwenda wa fibre ya karuboni mbi wateguwe mu ibumba hanyuma ufunge ibumba.
2. Shyiramo resin y'amazi yo guteka thermosetting, ushyiremo ibikoresho byo gushimangira, hanyuma ubivange.
Imiterere ya polymeri ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni
(1) Ingufu nyinshi kandi irakomera neza.
Imbaraga zihariye (ni ukuvuga igipimo cy'imbaraga zo gukurura ku bucucike) bya fibre ya karuboni ni inshuro 6 z'icyuma n'inshuro 17 z'aluminiyumu. Modulus yihariye (ni ukuvuga igipimo cy'uburyo Young's modulus n'ubucucike, ari cyo kimenyetso cy'ubukonje bw'ikintu) ni inshuro zirenga 3 z'icyuma cyangwa aluminiyumu.
Iyo ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ishobora kwihanganira umutwaro munini w'akazi. Umuvuduko wayo ntarengwa ushobora kugera kuri 350 kg/cm2. Byongeye kandi, irakomeye kandi irakomera kurusha F-4 yonyine n'ubwoya bwayo.
(2) Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kunanirwa no kudashira.
Ubudahangarwa bwayo buri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’ubwa epoxy resin kandi buri hejuru ugereranije n’ubw’ibikoresho by’icyuma. Fibre za grafiti ziroshya ubwazo kandi zifite coefficient nto yo gukururana. Ingano y’ingufu zayo ni ntoya inshuro 5-10 ugereranyije n’iya asbestos rusange cyangwa F-4 braids.
(3) Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe no kwirinda ubushyuhe.
Plastike zikonjeshejwe na fibre ya karuboni zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiza, kandi ubushyuhe buterwa no gukururana buhita bushira byoroshye. Imbere ntabwo byoroshye gushyushya cyane no kubika ubushyuhe kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bifunga bihoraho. Mu kirere, ishobora gukora neza mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -120 ~ 350 ° C. Iyo icyuma cya alkali kiri muri fibre ya karuboni kigabanutse, ubushyuhe bwa serivisi bushobora kwiyongera kurushaho. Mu mwuka udakora neza, ubushyuhe bwayo bushobora kugera kuri 2000 ° C, kandi ishobora kwihanganira impinduka zikomeye mu bukonje n'ubushyuhe.
(4) Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo guhindagura.
Ntabwo byoroshye kuyitera ijwi cyangwa kuyitera hejuru, kandi ni ibikoresho byiza cyane byo kugabanya imitingito no kugabanya urusaku.
Ibyiza bya CFRP
1. Uburemere bworoheje
Plastike ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha ikirahure gakondo ikoresha imigozi y'ikirahure ihoraho hamwe n'imigozi y'ikirahure ingana na 70% (uburemere bw'ikirahure/uburemere bwose) kandi akenshi igira ubucucike bwa 0.065 pounds kuri santimetero kibe. Ifu ya CFRP ifite uburemere bwa 70% bya fibre isanzwe ifite ubucucike bwa 0.055 pounds kuri santimetero kibe.
2. Ingufu nyinshi
Nubwo polimeri zikonjeshejwe na fibre ya karuboni zoroshye, CFRP composites zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zikomeye kuri buri kimwe cy'uburemere kurusha fibre y'ikirahure. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho by'icyuma, iyi nyungu iragaragara cyane.
Ingaruka mbi za CFRP
1. Ikiguzi kinini
Igiciro cy'umusaruro wa pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre ya karuboni ni kinini cyane. Ibiciro bya fibre ya karuboni bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'imiterere y'isoko (itangwa n'ibikenewe), ubwoko bwa fibre ya karuboni (ikirere ugereranyije n'urwego rw'ubucuruzi), n'ingano y'umugozi wa fibre. Ku kigero kimwe, fibre ya karuboni ishobora guhenda inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 25 kurusha fibre y'ibirahure. Iri tandukaniro riraruta cyane iyo ugereranije icyuma na CFRP.
2. Uburyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi
Ibi ni ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibikoresho bivanze bya fibre ya karuboni. Biterwa n'uko bikoreshwa. Fibre ya karuboni itwara cyane kandi fibre y'ibirahure irinda ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha fibre ya karuboni aho gukoresha fibre ya karuboni cyangwa icyuma kuko bisaba ubushyuhe bukomeye. Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ingirakamaro, ibicuruzwa byinshi bisaba gukoresha fibre y'ibirahure.
Imikoreshereze ya plastiki ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni
Uburyo polymeri ikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre ya karuboni ni bwinshi mu buzima, kuva ku bice bya mekanike kugeza ku bikoresho bya gisirikare.
(1)nk'ipaki yo gufunga
Ibikoresho bya PTFE bya fibre ya karuboni bishobora gukorwamo impeta zo gufunga cyangwa gupakira zirinda ingese, zirinda kwangirika, kandi zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo bikoreshejwe mu gufunga bitaziguye, igihe cyo gukora kiba kirekire, kirenze inshuro zirenga 10 ugereranyije n'igihe cyo gupakira asbestos ikoreshwa mu mavuta. Bishobora gukomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy'impinduka z'umutwaro no gukonjesha vuba no gushyushya vuba. Kandi kubera ko ibikoresho bidafite ibintu byangiza, nta ngeso mbi izabaho ku cyuma.
(2)nk'ibice byo gusya
Ikoresheje ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwisiga, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'impeta za piston, verisiyo, n'impeta za piston mu bikorwa byihariye. Nk'impeta za piston zidafite amavuta zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'indege n'amakaseti, impeta za piston zidafite amavuta zikoreshwa mu gutwara lisansi zikoresha amashanyarazi (kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka ziterwa no kuva kw'amavuta), impeta za piston zidafite amavuta zikoreshwa ku byuma bikonjesha, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'impeta zigenda zihindagurika cyangwa zifunga mu nganda z'ibiribwa n'imiti hifashishijwe imiterere yayo idahumanya.
(3) Nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bw'indege, indege, na misile. Byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu nganda z'indege kugira ngo bigabanye uburemere bw'indege no kunoza imikorere myiza y'indege. Bikoreshwa kandi mu bucuruzi bwa chimique, peteroli, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, imashini, n'izindi nganda nk'ikimenyetso gihindagurika cyangwa gihindagurika cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ikimenyetso gihoraho.
Zhengxi ni umunyamwugauruganda rw'imashini zicapa hifashishijwe hydraulic mu Bushinwa, gutanga ubwiza bwo hejuruimashini ikoresha hydraulicyo gukora ibicuruzwa bya CFRP.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2023
