Njengoba kuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ngaphezu kwamapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi, kuye kwavela amapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni, amapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha ye-boron, njll.. Ama-polymer aqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni (i-CFRP) ayizinto ezilula neziqinile ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi esiyisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezisebenzisa imicu yekhabhoni njengengxenye eyinhloko yesakhiwo.
Uhlu Lokuqukethwe:
1. Isakhiwo se-Polymer Esiqinisiwe se-Carbon Fiber
2. Indlela Yokubumba Yepulasitiki Eqinisiwe Ye-Carbon Fiber
3. Izakhiwo ze-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
4. Izinzuzo ze-CFRP
5. Izinkinga ze-CFRP
6. Ukusetshenziswa Kwepulasitiki Eqinisiwe Ye-Carbon Fibre
Isakhiwo se-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni iyinto eyakhiwe ngokuhlela izinto zefayibha yekhabhoni ohlangothini oluthile nokusebenzisa izinto ze-polymer eziboshiwe. Ububanzi befayibha yekhabhoni buncane kakhulu, cishe ama-micron ayi-7, kodwa amandla ayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Iyunithi eyisisekelo kakhulu yezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe nge-carbon fiber yi-carbon fiber filament. Izinto eziyisisekelo eziluhlaza ze-carbon filament yi-prepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-rayon, noma i-petroleum pitch. I-carbon filaments ibe seyenziwa ibe yizindwangu ze-carbon fiber ngezindlela zamakhemikhali nezemishini zezingxenye ze-carbon fiber.
I-polymer ebophayo ivame ukuba yi-thermosetting resin efana ne-epoxy. Amanye ama-thermoset noma ama-polymer e-thermoplastic ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa, njenge-polyvinyl acetate noma i-nylon. Ngaphezu kwe-carbon fibers, ama-composites angaqukatha ne-aramid Q, i-polyethylene enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu, i-aluminium, noma i-glass fibers. Izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina we-carbon fiber nazo zingathinteka uhlobo lwezithasiselo ezifakwa ku-bonding matrix.
Indlela Yokubumba Yepulasitiki Eqinisiwe Ye-Carbon Fiber
Imikhiqizo ye-carbon fiber ihluke kakhulu ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukene. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza izinto ze-polymer eziqinisiwe ze-carbon fiber.
1. Indlela Yokubeka Isandla
Ihlukaniswe ngendlela eyomile (isitolo esilungisiwe kusengaphambili) kanye nendlela emanzi (indwangu yefayibha kanye ne-resin enamathiselwe ukuze isetshenziswe). Ukubekwa ngesandla kusetshenziselwa futhi ukulungiselela izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinqubweni zokubumba zesibili njengokubumba kokucindezela. Le ndlela yilapho amashidi endwangu yefayibha yekhabhoni ehlanganiswa khona kusikhunta ukuze kwakheke umkhiqizo wokugcina. Amandla nokuqina kwezinto ezitholakalayo kulungiswa ngokukhetha ukulingana kanye nokuluka kwemicu yendwangu. Isikhunta sibe sesigcwaliswa nge-epoxy bese silashwa ngokushisa noma ngomoya. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza ivame ukusetshenziselwa izingxenye ezingacindezelekile, njengezimbozo zenjini.
2. Indlela Yokwenza I-Vacuum
Ukuze uthole i-prepreg elaminethiwe, kuyadingeka ukufaka ingcindezi ngenqubo ethile ukuze isondele esikhumbeni futhi uyilungise ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile kanye nengcindezi. Indlela yesikhwama se-vacuum isebenzisa iphampu ye-vacuum ukuze ikhiphe ingaphakathi lesikhwama sokwakha ukuze ingcindezi engemihle phakathi kwesikhwama kanye nesikhumbeni yakhe ingcindezi ukuze izinto ezihlanganisiwe zibe seduze nesikhumbeni.
Ngokusekelwe endleleni yesikhwama se-vacuum, indlela yokwenza isikhwama se-vacuum-autoclave yatholakala kamuva. Ama-Autoclave anikeza ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokwelapha ukushisa kwengxenye (esikhundleni sokupholisa ngokwemvelo) kunezindlela zesikhwama se-vacuum kuphela. Ingxenye enjalo inesakhiwo esincane kakhulu, ikhwalithi engcono ebusweni, ingasusa ngempumelelo amabhamuza omoya (amabhamuza azothinta kakhulu amandla engxenye), futhi ikhwalithi iyonke iphakeme. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokufaka amabhamuza e-vacuum ifana neyokunamathela kwefilimu yeselula. Ukususa amabhamuza omoya kuwumsebenzi omkhulu.
3. Indlela Yokubumba Ngokucindezela
Ukubumba kokucindezelakuyindlela yokubumba evumela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu. Izikhunta zivame ukwenziwa ngezingxenye eziphezulu nezingezansi, esizibiza ngokuthi isikhunta sesilisa kanye nesikhunta sesifazane. Inqubo yokubumba ukufaka umata owenziwe ngama-prepregs ku-mold yensimbi, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nokucindezela okuthile, umata uyashiswa futhi ufakwe ipulasitiki emgodini wesikhunta, ugeleza ngaphansi kwengcindezi, bese ugcwalisa umgodi wesikhunta, bese ubumba futhi uphola ukuze uthole imikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kunezangaphambilini, njengoba isikhunta sidinga imishini ye-CNC enembile kakhulu.
4. Ukubumba Okugoqekayo
Ezingxenyeni ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ngesimo somzimba ojikelezayo, umshini wokuguqula intambo ungasetshenziswa ukwenza ingxenye ngokugoqa intambo ku-mandrel noma enkabeni. Ngemva kokugoqa sekuqediwe bese ususa i-mandrel. Isibonelo, izingalo ezihlangene zeshubhu ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokumiswa zingenziwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela.
5. Ukubumba Ukudlulisa I-Resin
I-Resin transfer molding (RTM) iyindlela yokubumba ethandwa kakhulu. Izinyathelo zayo eziyisisekelo yilezi:
1. Beka indwangu ye-carbon fiber embi elungisiwe esikhumbeni bese uvala isikhunta.
2. Faka i-resin ye-thermosetting ewuketshezi kuyo, uthele izinto zokuqinisa, bese ulungisa.
Izakhiwo ze-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(1) Amandla aphezulu kanye nokunwebeka okuhle.
Amandla athile (okungukuthi, isilinganiso samandla okudonsa nobuningi) se-carbon fiber siphindwe kasithupha kunesensimbi kanye nezikhathi ezingu-17 kunese-aluminium. I-modulus ethile (okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-modulus kaYoung nobukhulu, okuwuphawu lokuqina kwento) ingaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu kunesensimbi noma i-aluminium.
Njengoba inamandla aphezulu, ingathwala umthwalo omkhulu wokusebenza. Ingcindezi yayo yokusebenza ephezulu ingafinyelela ku-350 kg/cm2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, icindezeleka kakhulu futhi iqine kune-F-4 emsulwa kanye nokuluka kwayo.
(2) Ukumelana okuhle nokukhathala kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ukumelana kwayo nokukhathala kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-epoxy resin futhi kuphakeme kunokwezinto zensimbi. Imicu ye-graphite iyazigcoba ngokwayo futhi ine-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana. Inani lokuguguleka lincane ngokuphindwe ka-5-10 kunokwemikhiqizo ye-asbestos ejwayelekile noma ama-braids e-F-4.
(3) Ukushisa okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushisa.
Amapulasitiki aqiniswe nge-carbon fiber anomoya omuhle wokushisa, futhi ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kuhlakazeka kalula. Ingaphakathi akulula ukulishisa ngokweqile nokugcina ukushisa futhi lingasetshenziswa njengento yokuvala enamandla. Emoyeni, lingasebenza ngokuzinzile ebangeni lokushisa elingu--120 ~ 350°C. Ngokuncipha kokuqukethwe kwe-alkali metal ku-carbon fiber, izinga lokushisa lesevisi lingakhuphuka kakhulu. Egesini engasebenzi, izinga lokushisa layo eliguquguqukayo lingafinyelela cishe ku-2000°C, futhi lingamelana nezinguquko ezibukhali emakhazeni nasekushiseni.
(4) Ukumelana okuhle kokudlidliza.
Akulula ukuzwakala noma ukuzulazula, futhi futhi kuyinto enhle kakhulu yokunciphisa ukudlidliza nokunciphisa umsindo.
Izinzuzo ze-CFRP
1. Isisindo Esilula
Amapulasitiki endabuko aqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi asebenzisa imicu yengilazi eqhubekayo kanye nemicu yengilazi engu-70% (isisindo sengilazi/isisindo esiphelele) futhi ngokuvamile anobuningi obungamakhilogremu angu-0.065 nge-cubic inch. Inhlanganisela ye-CFRP enesisindo esifanayo sefayibha esingu-70% ivame ukuba nobukhulu obungamakhilogremu angu-0.055 nge-cubic inch.
2. Amandla Aphezulu
Nakuba ama-polymer aqiniswe nge-carbon fiber elula, ama-composite e-CFRP anamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu ngesisindo seyunithi ngayinye kune-composite ye-glass fiber. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi, le nzuzo isobala kakhulu.
Izinkinga ze-CFRP
1. Izindleko Eziphezulu
Izindleko zokukhiqiza ipulasitiki eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber ziphakeme kakhulu. Amanani e-carbon fiber angahluka kakhulu kuye ngezimo zamanje zemakethe (ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo), uhlobo lwe-carbon fiber (i-aerospace vs. izinga lokuhweba), kanye nosayizi we-fiber bundle. Ngokwesisekelo se-pound-by-pound, i-virgin carbon fiber ingabiza kakhulu ngokuphindwe ka-5 kuya ku-25 kune-glass fiber. Lo mehluko mkhulu nakakhulu uma uqhathanisa insimbi ne-CFRP.
2. Ukuqhuba
Lokhu kuyinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fiber. Kuncike ekusetshenzisweni. Imicu ye-carbon inamandla kakhulu okuhambisa umoya futhi imicu yengilazi iyavikela. Imikhiqizo eminingi isebenzisa i-fiberglass esikhundleni se-carbon fiber noma insimbi ngoba idinga ukuvikela umoya okuqinile. Ekukhiqizweni kwezinsiza, imikhiqizo eminingi idinga ukusetshenziswa kwemicu yengilazi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwepulasitiki Eqinisiwe Ye-Carbon Fibre
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon fiber reinforced polymer kubanzi empilweni, kusukela ezingxenyeni zemishini kuya ezintweni zempi.
(1)njengokupakisha kokuvala
Izinto ze-PTFE eziqiniswe nge-carbon fiber zingenziwa zibe izindandatho zokuvala noma ukupakisha okumelana nokugqwala, okumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Uma zisetshenziselwa ukuvala okumile, impilo yesevisi inde, isikhathi esingaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-10 kunokupakisha kwe-asbestos okujwayelekile okucwiliswe ngamafutha. Ingagcina ukusebenza kokuvala ngaphansi kokushintsha komthwalo kanye nokupholisa okusheshayo kanye nokushisa okusheshayo. Futhi njengoba izinto zingenazo izinto ezigqwalisayo, akukho ukugqwala okuzokwenzeka ensimbini.
(2)njengezingxenye zokugaya
Isebenzisa izakhiwo zayo zokuzigcoba, ingasetshenziswa njengama-bearings, amagiya, kanye nama-piston rings ngezinjongo ezikhethekile. Njenge-bearings ezigcotshwe ezingenawo amafutha zezinsimbi zezindiza kanye nama-tape recorder, amagiya agcotshwe angenawo amafutha ezinqolobaneni zikadizili ezidlulisa ugesi (ukugwema izingozi ezibangelwa ukuvuza kukawoyela), ama-piston rings agcotshwe angenawo amafutha kuma-compressor, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-sliding bearings noma izivalo embonini yokudla neyemithi ngokusebenzisa izici zayo ezingezona ubuthi.
(3) Njengezinto zokwakha zezindiza, izindiza, kanye nezikhali ezicitshwayo. Yaqala ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezindiza ukunciphisa isisindo sendiza nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwendiza. Iphinde isetshenziswe kumakhemikhali, uphethiloli, amandla kagesi, imishini, kanye neminye imboni njengesivalo esijikelezayo noma esijikelezayo noma izinto ezahlukahlukene zesivalo esingaguquki.
UZhengxi unguchwephesheifektri yokucindezela i-hydraulic eShayina, enikeza izinga eliphezuluumshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic ohlanganisiweukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo ye-CFRP.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-25-2023
