Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiita zvinhu zvakasanganiswa, kuwedzera kumapurasitiki akagadziriswa nefiber yegirazi, mapurasitiki akagadziriswa nefiber yecarbon, mapurasitiki akagadziriswa nefiber yeboron, nezvimwewo zvakaonekwa. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) zvinhu zvakareruka uye zvakasimba zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvatinoshandisa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakagadziriswa nefiber zvinoshandisa fiber yecarbon fiber sechinhu chikuru chekuvaka.
Tafura yezviri Mukati:
1. Chimiro chePolymer chakasimbiswa neCarbon Fiber
2. Nzira yekuumba yepurasitiki yakasimbiswa neCarbon Fiber
3. Hunhu hweCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
4. Mabhenefiti eCFRP
5. Zvakashata zveCFRP
6. Mashandisirwo epurasitiki yakasimbiswa neCarbon Fibre
Kabhoni Fiber Yakasimbiswa Polymer Maumbirwo
Purasitiki yakasimbiswa nefiber yekabhoni chinhu chinoumbwa nekuronga zvinhu zvefiber yekabhoni munzira yakati uye uchishandisa zvinhu zvepolymer zvakasungwa. Dhayamita yefiber yekabhoni yakatetepa zvikuru, inosvika ma microns manomwe, asi simba rayo rakakwira zvakanyanya.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber yakasimbiswa ifilamenti yekabhoni fiber. Chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa nekabhoni filamenti iprepolymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, kana petroleum pitch. Filamenti dzekabhoni dzinozogadzirwa kuita machira ekabhoni fiber nenzira dzemakemikari uye dzemakanika dzezvikamu zvekabhoni fiber.
Iyo polymer inosunga inowanzova thermosetting resin yakaita se epoxy. Dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva ma thermosets kana ma thermoplastic polymers anoshandiswa, akadai se polyvinyl acetate kana nylon. Kuwedzera kune carbon fibers, composites dzinogonawo kuva ne aramid Q, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, aluminium, kana glass fibers. Hunhu hwekupedzisira kwecarbon fiber product hunogonawo kukanganiswa nerudzi rwezvinowedzera zvinounzwa mu bonding matrix.
Nzira yekuumba yepurasitiki yakasimbiswa neCarbon Fiber
Zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni fiber zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira zvinhu zvekabhoni fiber reinforced polymer.
1. Nzira Yokurara Nemaoko
Yakakamurwa kuita nzira yekuoma (yakagadzirwa kare) uye nzira yekunyorova (jira refiber ne resin zvakanamirwa kuti zvishandiswe). Kurongeka kwemaoko kunoshandiswawo kugadzirira prepregs dzekushandisa mumabasa echipiri ekuumba akadai sekumanikidza. Nzira iyi ndiyo iyo machira e carbon fiber anonamirwa paforoma kuti agadzire chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Simba uye kuomarara kwezvinhu zvinobva zvabuda zvinogadziriswa nekusarudza kurongeka uye kusukwa kwemafaibha ejira. Foroma inozadzwa ne epoxy uye inoporeswa nekupisa kana mhepo. Nzira iyi yekugadzira inowanzo shandiswa kune zvikamu zvisina kumanikidzwa, zvakaita semavhavha einjini.
2. Nzira yeKugadzira Vacuum
Pakugadzira laminated prepreg, zvinodikanwa kuisa kumanikidzwa kuburikidza nenzira yakati kuti ive pedyo nemold uye kuigadzirisa pasi pekupisa nekumanikidzwa kwakati. Nzira ye vacuum bag inoshandisa vacuum pombi kubvisa mukati mebhegi rekugadzira kuitira kuti kumanikidzwa kuri pakati pebhegi nemold kuite kumanikidzwa kuitira kuti zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvive pedyo nemold.
Zvichibva panzira yekushandisa vacuum bag, nzira yekugadzira vacuum bag-autoclave yakazogadzirwa gare gare. MaAutoclave anopa kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye anoporesa kupisa kwechikamu (panzvimbo pekugadzirisa kwechisikigo) kupfuura nzira dzekushandisa vacuum bag chete. Chikamu chakadaro chine chimiro chakamanikana, chiri nani pamusoro, chinogona kubvisa mabubble emhepo zvinobudirira (mabubbles anokanganisa zvakanyanya simba rechikamu), uye mhando yese yakakwira. Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro ekushandisa vacuum bag akafanana neaya ekushandisa firimu refoni. Kubvisa mabubble emhepo ibasa guru.
3. Nzira Yekuumba Kudzvanya
Kuumbwa kwekudzvanyainzira yekuumba inobatsira pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu uye kugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Mafuro anowanzogadzirwa nezvikamu zvepamusoro nepazasi, zvatinodaidza kuti furo yechirume uye furo yechikadzi. Maitiro ekuumba ndeekuisa mat yakagadzirwa nema prepregs muforoma yesimbi, uye pasi pekushanda kwekupisa nekumanikidzwa, furo rinopiswa uye rinoiswa purasitiki muforoma, rinoyerera pasi pekumanikidzwa, uye rinozadza furo, uye rinozobva raumba uye rinogadzirisa kuti riwane zvigadzirwa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine mutengo wepakutanga wakakwira kupfuura wekare, sezvo furo ichida CNC machining yakanyanya kunyatsojeka.
4. Kuumba Kunomonereka
Pazvikamu zvine maumbirwo akaomarara kana muchimiro chemuviri unotenderera, muchina wekupeta filament unogona kushandiswa kugadzira chikamu ichi nekupeta filament pa mandrel kana pakati. Mushure mekupeta kwapera wobvisa mandrel. Semuenzaniso, maoko echubhu anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekumisikidza anogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa nzira iyi.
5. Kuumbwa kweResin Transfer
Kugadzira resin transfer molding (RTM) inzira inozivikanwa zvikuru yekuumba. Matanho ayo ekutanga ndeaya:
1. Isa jira rakagadzirwa nekabhoni rakashata muchimiro wovhara chimiro chacho.
2. Isa resin yemvura inodziya inoisa thermosetting mairi, isa zvinhu zvinosimbisa, wobva waisa mushonga.
Hunhu hweCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(1) Simba guru uye kutwasuka kwakanaka.
Simba chairo (ndiko kuti, chiyero chesimba rekudhonza kusvika pakuwanda) checarbon fiber chakapetwa katanhatu pane chesimbi uye chakapetwa kagumi nenomwe pane chealuminium. Chiyero chemodulus chaiyo (ndiko kuti, chiyero chemodulus yaYoung kusvika pakuwanda, icho chiratidzo chekusimba kwechinhu) chakapetwa katatu pane chesimbi kana aluminium.
Nesimba rayo guru, inogona kutakura mutoro mukuru wekushanda. Kumanikidzwa kwayo kwepamusoro kunogona kusvika 350 kg/cm2. Pamusoro pezvo, inomanikidzwa uye yakasimba kupfuura F-4 chaiyo uye yakarukwa.
(2) Kuramba kuneta zvakanaka uye kuramba kupfeka.
Kusaneta kwayo kwakanyanya kupfuura epoxy resin uye kwakanyanya kupfuura zvinhu zvesimbi. Fiber dzeGraphite dzinozvizora dzoga uye dzine coefficient diki yekukweshana. Huwandu hwekusakara hwakaderera ka5-10 pane hwezvigadzirwa zveasbestos kana F-4 braids.
(3) Kugona kupisa zvakanaka uye kuramba kupisa.
Mapurasitiki akasimbiswa nekabhoni ane simba rakanaka rekupisa, uye kupisa kunokonzerwa nekukweshana kunonyangarika zviri nyore. Mukati hamuna nyore kupisa zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza kupisa uye rinogona kushandiswa sechisimbiso chinoshanduka. Mumhepo, rinogona kushanda zvakadzikama muhurefu hwe -120 ~ 350 ° C. Nekudzikira kwehuwandu hwealkali metal mukabhoni fiber, tembiricha yekushandira inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Mugasi risina simba, tembiricha yaro inochinjika inogona kusvika pa2000 ° C, uye inogona kutsungirira kuchinja kukuru muchando nekupisa.
(4) Kuramba kwakanaka kwekudzungudza.
Hazvisi nyore kurira kana kubhururuka, uye zvakare chinhu chakanaka chekuderedza kudedera uye kuderedza ruzha.
Mabhenefiti eCFRP
1. Huremu hwakareruka
Mapurasitiki echinyakare akasimbiswa nefaibha yegirazi anoshandisa machira egirazi anoenderera mberi uye machira egirazi e70% (huremu hwegirazi/huremu hwese) uye anowanzova nehuremu hwe0.065 pounds pa cubic inch. CFRP composite ine huremu hwakaenzana hwe70% faibha inowanzova nehuremu hwe0.055 pounds pa cubic inch.
2. Simba Rakanyanya
Kunyange zvazvo mapolymer akasimbisirwa nekabhoni ari madiki, maCFRP composites ane simba rakawanda uye kuomarara kwakakwirira pahuremu hweyuniti pane magirazi fiber composites. Kana tichienzanisa nezvinhu zvesimbi, mukana uyu uri pachena.
Zvakaipa zveCFRP
1. Mutengo Wakakwira
Mutengo wekugadzira purasitiki yakasimbiswa nekabhoni wakakwira zvakanyanya. Mitengo yekabhoni inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemamiriro emusika aripo (kuwanikwa uye kudiwa), rudzi rwekabhoni fiber (nzvimbo yemuchadenga vs. giredhi rekutengesa), uye saizi yefiber bundle. Pahwaro hwepaundi paundi, virgin carbon fiber inogona kudhura kashanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu kupfuura girazi fiber. Musiyano uyu wakatokura kana uchienzanisa simbi neCFRP.
2. Kufambisa kwemhepo
Izvi ndizvo zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber. Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwayo. Kabhoni fibers dzinofambisa mhepo zvakanyanya uye magirazi fibers anochengetedza mhepo. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinoshandisa fiberglass pachinzvimbo chekabhoni fiber kana simbi nekuti zvinoda kudziya kwakasimba. Mukugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinoda kushandiswa kwegirazi fibers.
Mashandisirwo epurasitiki akasimbiswa neCarbon Fiber
Mashandisirwo e carbon fiber reinforced polymer akasiyana-siyana, kubva kuzvikamu zvemakanika kusvika kuzvinhu zvehondo.
(1)sechisimbiso chekurongedza
Zvinhu zvePTFE zvakasimbiswa nekabhoni fiber zvinogona kugadzirwa kuita mhete dzekuvhara kana kurongedza zvinodzivirira ngura, zvinodzivirira kupera, uye zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Kana zvikashandiswa pakusunga zvisina kusimba, hupenyu hwebasa hwakareba, hunopfuura kagumi kupfuura hwekurongedza asbestos yakanyudzwa mumafuta. Zvinogona kuchengetedza kushanda kwekuvhara kana mutoro uchichinja uye kutonhora nekukurumidza uye kupisa nekukurumidza. Uye sezvo zvinhu zvisina zvinhu zvinoparadza, hapana ngura inoitika pasimbi.
(2)sezvikamu zvekukuya
Ichishandisa hunhu hwayo hwekuzvizora, inogona kushandiswa semabheringi, magiya, uye maringi episton kune zvinangwa zvakakosha. Zvakadai semabheringi asina mafuta ekushandisa mundege nematepi ekurekodha, mabheringi asina mafuta ekufambisa dhiziri remagetsi (kudzivirira tsaona dzinokonzerwa nekubuda kwemafuta), mabheringi episton asina mafuta ekushandisa pamacompressor, nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushandiswawo semabheringi anotsvedza kana kuti zvisimbiso mumaindasitiri ezvekudya nemishonga nekushandisa hunhu hwayo husina chepfu.
(3) Sezvinhu zvekuvaka zvemuchadenga, zvendege, uye zvombo zvinokandwa. Yakatanga kushandiswa mukugadzira ndege kuderedza huremu hwendege uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekubhururuka. Inoshandiswawo mumakemikari, peturu, simba remagetsi, michina, uye mamwe maindasitiri sechisimbiso chinotenderera kana chinodzokorodza kana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisimbiso chisingachinji.
Zhengxi inyanzvifekitori yekudhinda ye hydraulic muChina, zvichipa hunyanzvi hwepamusoromuchina we hydraulic unoumbwa ne compositeyekugadzira zvigadzirwa zveCFRP.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-25-2023
