He aha ka Forging? Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me nā ʻAno

ʻO ke kāwili ʻana ka inoa hui no ke kāwili ʻana a me ka hehi ʻana. He ʻano hana hana ia e hoʻohana ana i ka hāmare, ke kua, a me ka punch o kahi mīkini kāwili a i ʻole kahi ʻōmole e kau i ke kaomi ma luna o ka blank e hana i ka deformation plastic e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana o ke ʻano a me ka nui e pono ai.

He aha ka hana ʻana

I ke kaʻina hana forging, ʻike ʻia ka blank holoʻokoʻa i ka deformation plastic nui a me ka nui o ke kahe plastic. I ke kaʻina hana stamping, hana nui ʻia ka blank ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana spatial o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, a ʻaʻohe kahe plastic ma kahi mamao loa i loko. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka forging e hana i nā ʻāpana metala. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hana i kekahi mau metala ʻole, e like me nā plastics ʻenekinia, ka rubber, nā blanks seramika, nā piliki, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea i hui pū ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻōwili ʻana, ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, a pēlā aku i nā ʻoihana forging a me metallurgical he hana plastik a kaomi paha. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka forging e hana i nā ʻāpana metala, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana a me ke kaha kiʻi e hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā mea metala no nā kumu maʻamau e like me nā papa, nā ʻāpana, nā paipu, nā ʻaoʻao, a me nā uea.

Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Forging

Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ke kāwili ʻana e like me ke ʻano hana a me ka mahana o ka deformation. Wahi a ke ʻano hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kāwili ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ke kāwili ʻana a me ka stamping. Wahi a ka mahana deformation, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kāwili ʻana i ke kāwili wela, ke kāwili anu, ke kāwili mahana, a me ka kāwili isothermal, a pēlā aku.

1. Hana wela

ʻO ka forging wela ka forging i hana ʻia ma luna o ka mahana recrystallization o ka metala. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka plasticity o ka metala, he mea maikaʻi ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi kūloko o ka workpiece a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hiki ke haki. Hiki i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻemi i ke kūpaʻa deformation o ka metala a hoʻemi i ka tonnage o ka mea i koi ʻiamīkini hana hao. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā kaʻina hana hana wela, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka pololei o ka workpiece, a ʻaʻole laumania ka ʻili. A ua maʻalahi nā forgings i ka oxidation, decarburization, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka puhi ʻana. Ke nui a mānoanoa ka workpiece, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe ka mea a he haʻahaʻa ka plasticity (e like me ke kulou ʻana o nā papa mānoanoa loa, ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku), a hoʻohana ʻia ka hana wela.
ʻO nā mahana hana wela i hoʻohana nui ʻia: kila kalapona 800 ~ 1250 ℃; kila kūkulu metala 850 ~ 1150 ℃; kila wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe 900 ~ 1100 ℃; metala alumini i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia 380 ~ 500 ℃; metala 850 ~ 1000 ℃; keleawe 700 ~ 900 ℃.

2. Hana anu

ʻO ke kāwili anu ka kāwili ʻana i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mahana recrystallization o ka metala. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kāwili anu e pili ana i ka kāwili ʻana ma ka mahana o ka lumi.

ʻO nā ʻāpana hana i hana ʻia e ka hana anu ʻana i ka mahana o ka lumi he kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano a me ka pololei o ka dimensional, nā ʻili laumania, kakaikahi nā ʻanuʻu hana, a he kūpono no ka hana hana automated. Hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui i hana anu ʻia a me nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia i ke anu ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana a huahana paha me ka ʻole o ka pono o ka mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka hana anu ʻana, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity o ka metala, maʻalahi ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ka deformation a nui ka pale ʻana i ka deformation, e koi ana i nā mīkini hana nui-tonage.

3. Hoʻomehana ʻana

ʻO ka hana ʻana ma kahi mahana ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mahana maʻamau akā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ka mahana recrystallization ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka hana ʻana mehana. Hoʻomehana mua ʻia ka metala, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana hoʻomehana ma mua o ka hana ʻana mehana. ʻOi aku ka pololei o ka hana ʻana mehana, ʻoi aku ka laumania o ka ʻili, a haʻahaʻa ke kūpaʻa deformation.

4. Ka hana ʻana i ka isothermal

Mālama ka hana ʻana o Isothermal i ka mahana blank i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hana ʻana o Isothermal ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau metala ma ka mahana like a i ʻole e loaʻa nā ʻano a me nā waiwai kikoʻī. Pono ka hana ʻana o Isothermal i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka mahana mau, kahi e koi ai i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā kaʻina hana hana kūikawā, e like me ka hana ʻana o superplastic.

Nā ʻano o ka Forging

Hiki i ka hana ʻana ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano metala a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai metala. Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka ingot i ka wela, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha ke ʻano wehe mua, nā pores, nā micro-cracks, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kūlana hoʻolei ʻia. Ua wāwahi ʻia nā dendrites mua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hua. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale carbide mua a me ka hoʻolaha like ʻole. Hana i ke ʻano like, e loaʻa ai nā forgings i mānoanoa, like, maikaʻi, loaʻa ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi, a hilinaʻi hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka forging e ka hana wela, loaʻa i ka metala kahi ʻano fibrous. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hana anu, lilo ke aniani metala i mea maʻalahi.

ʻO ke kālai ʻana, ʻo ia ke kahe ʻana o ka metala ma ke ʻano plastic e hana i kahi ʻāpana hana o ke ʻano i makemake ʻia. ʻAʻole loli ka nui o ka metala ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ka plastic ma muli o ka ikaika o waho, a kahe mau ka metala i ka ʻāpana me ka pale liʻiliʻi loa. I ka hana ʻana, hoʻomalu pinepine ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana hana e like me kēia mau kānāwai e hoʻokō ai i nā deformations e like me ka mānoanoa, ka elongation, ka hoʻonui ʻana, ke kūlou ʻana, a me ke kahakiʻi hohonu.

Pololei ka nui o ka ʻāpana hana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a kūpono hoʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana nui. Pololei a paʻa hoʻi nā ana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mold i nā noi e like me ka forging, extrusion, a me ka stamping. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mīkini forging kiʻekiʻe a me nā laina hana forging aunoa e hoʻonohonoho i ka hana nui a nui paha.

ʻO nā mīkini hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me nā hāmare hana,nā mīkini kaomi hydraulic, a me nā mīkini paʻi. Loaʻa i ka hāmare hana ka wikiwiki o ka hopena nui, kahi mea maikaʻi no ke kahe ʻana o ka metala i ka palakiko, akā e hana ia i ka haʻalulu. Hoʻohana ka mīkini paʻi hydraulic i ka hana static, kahi mea maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana ma o ka metala a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano. Paʻa ka hana, akā haʻahaʻa ka huahana. Loaʻa i ka mīkini paʻi kahi hahau paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻokō i ka mechanization a me ka automation.

ʻAno Hoʻomohala o ka ʻenehana Forging

1) No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano kūloko o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical (ikaika, plasticity, toughness, luhi ikaika) a me ka hilinaʻi.
Pono kēia i kahi hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana o ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka plastic o nā metala. E hoʻopili i nā mea me ke ʻano maikaʻi loa, e like me ke kila i mālama ʻia me ka vacuum a me ke kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka vacuum. E hana pololei i ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana a me ka mālama wela forging. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e luku i nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

2) E hoʻomohala hou i ka ʻenehana forging precision a me ka precision stamping. ʻO ka hana ʻoki ʻole ke ana a me ke kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi loa no ka ʻoihana mīkini e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahua hana, a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomehana non-oxidative o nā blanks forging, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa i ke kapa, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe lōʻihi a me nā ʻano hana mālama ʻili, e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka forging precision a me ka precision stamping.

3) Hoʻomohala i nā lako hana hao a me nā laina hana hao me ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka automation. Ma lalo o ka hana kūikawā, hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka huahana hana a hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai hao.

4) Hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana hana forging maʻalahi (e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻenehana hui, ka hoʻololi make wikiwiki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Hiki i kēia i nā ʻano hana forging liʻiliʻi like ʻole e hoʻohana i nā lako hana forging kiʻekiʻe a me nā laina hana automated kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻokokoke i kāna huahana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka pae o ka hana nui.

5) Hoʻomohala i nā mea hou, e like me ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻano hana hana o nā mea hana metallurgy pauka (ʻoi aku ka pauka metala papa pālua), metala wai, nā plastics i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber, a me nā mea hui ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka superplastic, ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o loko.