I-Forging ligama eliqokelelweyo le-forging kunye ne-stamping. Yindlela yokucubungula i-forming esebenzisa i-hammer, i-anvil, kunye ne-punch yomatshini we-forging okanye i-mold ukufaka uxinzelelo kwindawo engenanto ukuze kubangele ukuguquka kweplastiki ukuze kufumaneke iindawo zesimo kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo.
Yintoni ukubumba
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, yonke i-blank idlula kwi-deformation enkulu yeplastiki kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-plastiki. Kwinkqubo yokunyathela, i-blank yenziwa ngokutshintsha indawo yendawo nganye yenxalenye, kwaye akukho flow yeplastiki kumgama omkhulu ngaphakathi kuyo. I-Forging isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukucubungula iindawo zesinyithi. Ingasetyenziselwa nokucubungula ezinye izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, ezifana neeplastiki zobunjineli, irabha, ii-blanks ze-ceramic, izitena, kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo.
Ukuqengqeleka, ukuzoba, njl.njl. kumashishini okubumba kunye ne-metallurgical zonke zizinto zeplastiki okanye zokucutshungulwa koxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubumba kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa iindawo zesinyithi, ngelixa ukuqengqeleka kunye nokuzoba kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa izixhobo zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ezifana neepleyiti, imicu, iipayipi, iiprofayili kunye neengcingo.
Udidi lweForging
Ukubumba kwahlulahlulwa ngokwendlela yokwenza kunye nobushushu bokubumba. Ngokwendlela yokwenza, ukubumba kungahlulwahlulwa kube ziindidi ezimbini: ukubumba kunye nokunyathela. Ngokwendlela yobushushu bokubumba, ukubumba kungahlulwahlulwa kube kukumba okushushu, ukubumba okubandayo, ukubumba okufudumeleyo, kunye nokubumba okungathathi hlangothi, njl.
1. Ukuthunga okushushu
Ukufakelwa okushushu kwenziwa ngaphezulu kobushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi. Ukunyusa ubushushu kunokuphucula ukwakheka kwesinyithi, nto leyo eluncedo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wangaphakathi wesixhobo somsebenzi kwaye kwenze ukuba singaqhekeki. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokunciphisa ukumelana nokuguqulwa kwesinyithi kwaye bunciphise itoni efunekayo.oomatshini bokubumbaNangona kunjalo, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi zokubumba ezishushu, ukuchaneka komsebenzi akukuhle, kwaye umphezulu awugudi. Kwaye ukubumba kuthambekele ekutshisweni yi-oxidation, decarburization, kunye nomonakalo otshayo. Xa umsebenzi umkhulu kwaye utyebile, izinto zinamandla aphezulu kwaye zincinci (ezifana nokugoba kweepleyiti ezixineneyo, ukuzoba iintambo zentsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, njl.njl.), kwaye kusetyenziswa ukubumba okushushu.
Amaqondo obushushu asetyenziswa ngokubanzi anje ngala: intsimbi yekhabhoni 800~1250℃; intsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy 850~1150℃; intsimbi yesantya esiphezulu 900~1100℃; i-alloy ye-aluminium esetyenziswa rhoqo 380~500℃; i-alloy 850~1000℃; ithusi 700~900℃.
2. Ukufakelwa okubandayo
Ukubumba ngobushushu obubandayo kukubumba okwenziwa ngaphantsi kobushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi. Ngokubanzi, ukubumba ngobushushu obubandayo kubhekisa ekubumbeni ngobushushu begumbi.
Izinto zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokubumba okubandayo kubushushu begumbi zinobume obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okulinganayo, iindawo ezigudileyo, amanyathelo ambalwa okucubungula, kwaye zilungele imveliso ezenzekelayo. Uninzi lwamacandelo abandayo kunye nabandayo agxinyiweyo angasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo njengeenxalenye okanye iimveliso ngaphandle kwesidingo somatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokubumba okubandayo, ngenxa yokungabi namandla kwesinyithi, kulula ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokubola kwaye ukumelana nokubola kukhulu, kufuna oomatshini bokubumba abakhulu.
3. Ukufakelwa okufudumeleyo
Ukubumba kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kuneliqhelekileyo kodwa elingadluli kwiqondo lobushushu lokubumba kwakhona kuthiwa kukubumba okufudumeleyo. Isinyithi sitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu bokubumba okufudumeleyo buphantsi kakhulu kunelo lokubumba okushushu. Ukubumba okufudumeleyo kunobuchane obuphezulu, umphezulu othambileyo, kunye nokumelana nokubola okuphantsi.
4. Ukufakelwa kwe-Isothermal
Ukufakelwa kwe-isothermal kugcina ubushushu obungenanto bungaguquki ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokwenza. Ukufakelwa kwe-isothermal kukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo i-plasticity ephezulu yeentsimbi ezithile kubushushu obufanayo okanye ukufumana izakhiwo kunye neempawu ezithile. Ukufakelwa kwe-isothermal kufuna ukugcina isikhunta kunye nezinto ezimbi kubushushu obufanayo, nto leyo efuna iindleko eziphezulu kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokufakelwa, ezifana nokufakelwa kwe-superplastic.
Iimpawu zokuQonga
Ukubumba kunokutshintsha isakhiwo sesinyithi kwaye kuphucule iimpawu zesinyithi. Emva kokuba i-ingot yenziwe ngobushushu, ukukhululeka kokuqala, ii-pores, ii-micro-cracks, njl.njl. kwimeko yokubumba ziyaqiniswa okanye zifakwe i-weld. Ii-dendrites zokuqala ziyaqhekeka, okwenza iinkozo zibe zincinci. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-carbide yokuqala kunye nokusasazwa okungalinganiyo kuyatshintshwa. Yenza isakhiwo sifane, ukuze kufunyanwe ukubumba okuxineneyo, okufanayo, okuhle, okusebenzayo kakuhle ngokubanzi, kunye nokuthembekileyo ekusetyenzisweni. Emva kokuba ukubumba kuguqulwe kukubumba okushushu, isinyithi sinesakhiwo esine-fibrous. Emva kokuguqulwa kokubumba okubandayo, ikristale yesinyithi iba nocwangco.
Ukubumba kukwenza isinyithi sihambe ngeplastiki ukuze senze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Umthamo wesinyithi awutshintshi emva kokuba kwenzeke ukuhamba kweplastiki ngenxa yamandla angaphandle, kwaye isinyithi sihlala sihamba siye kwindawo ethile ngokumelana okuncinci. Kwimveliso, imilo yomsebenzi idla ngokulawulwa ngokwale mithetho ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguquguquka okufana nokuqina, ukwanda, ukwanda, ukugoba, kunye nokutsalwa nzulu.
Ubungakanani bomsebenzi oqingqiweyo buchanekile kwaye bulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kobuninzi. Ubukhulu bokwenziwa kwesikhunta kwizicelo ezifana nokufakelwa, ukukhupha, kunye nokunyathela buchanekile kwaye buzinzile. Oomatshini bokufakelwa abasebenzayo kakhulu kunye nemigca yemveliso yokufakelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlela imveliso ekhethekileyo yobunzima okanye yobuninzi.
Oomatshini bokubumba abasetyenziswa rhoqo baquka iihamile zokubumba,oomatshini bokushicilela be-hydraulic, kunye nee-mechanical presses. I-forging hammer inesantya esikhulu sokuphambana, esiluncedo ekuhambeni kwesinyithi ngeplastiki, kodwa siya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela. I-hydraulic press isebenzisa i-static forging, eluncedo ekufakeni isinyithi kunye nokuphucula isakhiwo. Umsebenzi uzinzile, kodwa imveliso iphantsi. I-mechanical press ine-stroke esisigxina kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa i-mechanization kunye ne-automation.
Indlela yoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yokuQinisa
1) Ukuphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi weendawo ezibunjiweyo, ikakhulu ukuphucula iimpawu zazo zoomatshini (amandla, i-plasticity, ukuqina, amandla okudinwa) kunye nokuthembeka.
Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwethiyori yokuguqulwa kweentsimbi ngeplastiki. Faka izinto ezisemgangathweni ongcono ngokwemvelo, njengentsimbi ecociwe nge-vacuum kunye nentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo nge-vacuum. Yenza unyango lobushushu olucwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kokwenziwa kunye nolwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Uvavanyo olungqongqo nolubanzi olungonakalisiyo iindawo ezibunjiweyo.
2) Ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi iteknoloji yokubumba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokunyathela ngokuchanekileyo. Ukucubungula okungasikwanga yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokulinganisa kunye nesikhokelo kushishino loomatshini ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, ukuphucula imveliso yabasebenzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Uphuhliso lokufudumeza okungasebenzisi i-oxidative kwezinto zokubumba, kunye nezixhobo zokubumba eziqinileyo, ezingagugiyo, ezihlala ixesha elide kunye neendlela zonyango lomphezulu, ziya kunceda ekusetyenzisweni okwandisiweyo kokubumba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokunyathela ngokuchanekileyo.
3) Phuhlisa izixhobo zokubumba kunye nemigca yemveliso yokubumba enemveliso ephezulu kunye noomatshini abasebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Phantsi kwemveliso ekhethekileyo, imveliso yabasebenzi iphucuka kakhulu kwaye iindleko zokubumba ziyancitshiswa.
4) Phuhlisa iinkqubo zokwakheka kwe-forging eziguquguqukayo (ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeqela, utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwe-die, njl.njl.). Oku kwenza ukuba imveliso ye-multi-variation, ye-small-batch forging isebenzise izixhobo ze-forging ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu nezizenzekelayo kakhulu okanye imigca yemveliso. Yenza imveliso kunye noqoqosho lwayo lusondele kwinqanaba lemveliso yobuninzi.
5) Phuhlisa izinto ezintsha, ezinje ngeendlela zokucubungula izinto ze-powder metallurgy (ingakumbi umgubo wesinyithi onamaleko amabini), isinyithi esilulwelo, iiplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha, kunye nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo. Phuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obunje ngokwenza i-superplastic, ukwenza amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-04-2024
