Gucura ni iki? Gushyira mu byiciro n'ibiranga

Gucura ni izina rusange ryo gucura no gusiga. Ni uburyo bwo gutunganya imashini bukoresha inyundo, icyuma, n'icyuma gipfunyika imashini cyangwa ifuro kugira ngo ishyire igitutu ku kintu kirimo ubusa kugira ngo ipulasitiki ihinduke kugira ngo ibone ibice by'imiterere n'ingano bikenewe.

Gucura ni iki?

Mu gihe cyo gucukura, ahantu hose hadakoreshejwe pulasitiki hahinduka cyane kandi hagatera pulasitiki nyinshi. Mu gihe cyo gukata, ahantu hadakoreshejwe pulasitiki hakorwa ahanini no guhindura aho buri gice giherereye, kandi nta pulasitiki inyura mu ntera nini imbere muri cyo. Ahantu ho gucukura ibyuma hakoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibice by'ibyuma. Hashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutunganya bimwe na bimwe bitari ibyuma, nka pulasitiki z'ubuhanga, rabha, ibyuma bya ceramic, amatafari, no gukora ibikoresho bivanze.

Kuzunguruka, gushushanya, nibindi mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by’ubucukuzi n’ibyuma byose ni ugutunganya pulasitiki cyangwa igitutu. Ariko, gucura ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukora ibice by’icyuma, mu gihe gucura no gushushanya ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by’icyuma bikoreshwa muri rusange nk’amasahani, imirongo, imiyoboro, imiyoboro, n’insinga.

Gushyira mu byiciro imiterere y'ubucukuzi

Guteranya ibintu ahanini bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gushushanya n'ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ibintu. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushushanya, guteranya ibintu bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: guteranya ibintu no gusiga. Dukurikije ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ibintu, guteranya ibintu bishobora kugabanywamo gushyuha, guteranya ibintu bikonje, guteranya ibintu bishyushye, no guteranya ibintu bishyushye, n'ibindi.

1. Gutunganya ibintu bishyushye

Gushyushya ni ugushyushya ibyuma bikoreshwa hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwo kongera gushyushya ibyuma. Kongera ubushyuhe bishobora kongera ubuziranenge bw'icyuma, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kunoza ubwiza bw'icyuma no gutuma kidacika. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kandi kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'icyuma no kugabanya toni y'ibikenewe.imashini zo gucuraAriko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gucura bushyushye, imikorere y’agakoresho iba mibi, kandi ubuso ntibuba bworoshye. Kandi gucura bishobora kwangirika, gukurwaho karubone, no kwangirika. Iyo agakoresho ari kanini kandi gakomeye, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi bifite plastike nke (nk'ingufu zo gupfundika amasahani manini cyane, gushushanya ibyuma bifite karubone nyinshi, nibindi), kandi gucura bishyushye birakoreshwa.
Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gucura bushyushye ni ubu: icyuma cya karuboni 800 ~ 1250℃; icyuma cy'ubwubatsi 850 ~ 1150℃; icyuma cyihuta 900 ~ 1100℃; icyuma gikoreshwa cyane cya aluminiyumu 380 ~ 500℃; icyuma 850 ~ 1000℃; umuringa 700 ~ 900℃.

2. Gutunganya ibintu bikonje

Gucukura mu buryo bukonje ni ugucukura mu buryo buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo kongera gucukura mu byuma. Muri rusange, gucukura mu buryo bukonje bivuga gucukura mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba.

Ibikoresho bikozwe hakoreshejwe ubukonje bukonje ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba bifite imiterere yo hejuru n'ubuziranenge, ubuso bworoshye, intambwe nke zo gutunganya, kandi byoroshye gukora mu buryo bwikora. Ibice byinshi bikonje n'ibikonje bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibice cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitabaye ngombwa ko bikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, bitewe n'uko icyuma kidakora neza, gucikagurika biroroshye mu gihe cyo guhindagurika kandi kudahinduka kw'ibintu ni binini, bisaba imashini nini zo gucukura.

3. Gushyushya

Gucukura ku bushyuhe buri hejuru y’ubushyuhe busanzwe ariko butarenze ubushyuhe bwo kongera gucukura byitwa gucukura bishyushye. Icyuma gishyushya cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya buri hasi cyane ugereranije n’ubwo gucukura bishyushye. Gucukura bishyushye bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ubuso bworoshye, kandi ntibishobora kwangirika cyane.

4. Gutunganya ibintu biva ku bushyuhe

Gutunganya ibintu bishyushye bigumana ubushyuhe burimo ubusa mu gihe cyose cyo gukora. Gutunganya ibintu bishyushye bigamije gukoresha neza plastike nyinshi y'ibyuma bimwe na bimwe ku bushyuhe bumwe cyangwa kugira ngo ubone imiterere n'imiterere byihariye. Gutunganya ibintu bishyushye bisaba kugumana ibumba n'ibikoresho bibi ku bushyuhe buhoraho, ibyo bikaba bisaba ikiguzi kinini kandi bikoreshwa gusa mu bikorwa byihariye byo gukora ibintu bishyushye, nko gukora ibintu bishyushye cyane.

Ibiranga Ubucuzi

Gucukura bishobora guhindura imiterere y'icyuma no kunoza imiterere y'icyuma. Iyo ingot imaze gucukurwa ishyushye, uburemere bw'umwimerere, imyenge, imiyoboro mito, nibindi mu buryo bw'icyuma biracukurwa cyangwa bigashongeshwa. Dendrites z'umwimerere ziravunjwa, bigatuma ibinyampeke birushaho kuba byiza. Muri icyo gihe, gutandukanya karubide y'umwimerere n'uburyo ikwirakwira mu buryo butaringaniye birahinduka. Gukora imiterere imwe, kugira ngo haboneke uduce twinshi, dusa, twiza, dufite imikorere myiza muri rusange, kandi twizewe mu ikoreshwa. Iyo gucukura kuhinduwe no gucukura kushyushye, icyuma kiba gifite imiterere y'imigozi. Nyuma yo gucukura gukonje, kristalo y'icyuma iba itunganijwe neza.

Gucukura ni ugukora icyuma gitemba mu buryo bwa pulasitiki kugira ngo kibe igikoresho cy’ishusho wifuza. Ingano y’icyuma ntihinduka nyuma y’uko pulasitiki itemba bitewe n’imbaraga zo hanze, kandi icyuma gihora kigera ku gice gifite imbaraga nke. Mu gukora, imiterere y’icyuma ikunze kugenzurwa hakurikijwe aya mategeko kugira ngo kigere ku guhindagurika nko gukomera, kurekura, kwaguka, kunama, no gukurura cyane.

Ingano y'icyuma gikozwe mu bucuzi ni nziza kandi ifasha mu gutunganya umusaruro mwinshi. Ingano z'ibihumyo mu bikorwa nko gucura, gusohora, no gusiga sitampu ni nziza kandi ihamye. Imashini zikora neza cyane hamwe n'imirongo ikora mu bucuzi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya umusaruro wihariye cyangwa mwinshi.

Imashini zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gucura zirimo inyundo zo gucura,imashini zicapa hifashishijwe hydraulic, n'imashini zicana. Inyundo yo gucukura ifite umuvuduko munini, bigira akamaro ku rujya n'uruza rw'icyuma muri pulasitiki, ariko izatera gutigita. Imashini icukura hifashishijwe hydraulic ikoresha imashini icukura idatembera, bigira akamaro mu gucukura icyuma no kunoza imiterere yacyo. Imirimo irahamye, ariko umusaruro ni muke. Imashini icukura ifite uburyo bwo gucura buhamye kandi yoroshye gushyira mu bikorwa imashini n'ikoranabuhanga.

Iterambere ry'Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya

1) Kunoza ubwiza bw'ibice by'icyuma bicuzwe, ahanini kugira ngo binoze imiterere yabyo (imbaraga, ubuziranenge, gukomera, imbaraga z'umunaniro) n'uburyo byizewe.
Ibi bisaba ikoreshwa ryiza ry’inyigisho yo guhindura ibyuma muri pulasitiki. Shyira ibikoresho bifite ubuziranenge bwiza, nk'icyuma cyavuwe mu cyuma gishyushye n'icyuma cyashongeshejwe mu cyuma gishyushye. Kora uburyo bwo gushyushya no gushyushya mbere yo gucura neza. Igerageza rikomeye kandi rirambuye ry’ibice byavumbuwe ritangiza ibidukikije.

2) Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya no gusiga neza. Gutunganya no kudakata ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi n'icyerekezo cy'inganda z'imashini kugira ngo zirusheho gukoresha ibikoresho, kunoza umusaruro w'abakozi, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Guteza imbere ubushyuhe butagira ogisijeni bw'ibisate by'ibumba, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibumba bukomera cyane, budashobora kwangirika, kandi bumara igihe kirekire, bizafasha mu kongera ikoreshwa ry'ubucuzi no gusiga neza.

3) Guteza imbere ibikoresho byo gucura no gucura imirongo y'umusaruro hamwe n'umusaruro mwinshi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mu rwego rw'umusaruro wihariye, umusaruro w'abakozi urarushaho kwiyongera kandi ikiguzi cyo gucura kikagabanuka.

4) Gutegura uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya (gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'amatsinda, guhinduranya vuba, nibindi). Ibi bituma umusaruro w'ibikoresho by'ubucuzi bito n'ibinini byinshi ukoreshwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa imiyoboro y'ubucuzi ikora neza kandi ikora mu buryo bwikora. Bituma umusaruro n'ubukungu byabyo bigera ku rwego rw'umusaruro mwinshi.

5) Gukora ibikoresho bishya, nko gukora ibikoresho by’icyuma bikozwe mu ifu (cyane cyane ifu y’icyuma ifite ibyiciro bibiri), icyuma gikozwe mu mazi, pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu byuma bivanze, n’ibindi bikoresho bivanze. Gukora ikoranabuhanga nko gukora superplastic, gukora ingufu nyinshi, no gukora imbere hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi.