Ko te hanga te ingoa whānui mō te hanga me te tā. He tikanga tukatuka hanga e whakamahi ana i te hama, te paepae, me te whana o te mīhini hanga, o te pokepokea rānei hei pēhi i te mea parakore kia puta ai he āhua kirihou hei hanga i ngā wāhanga o te āhua me te rahi e hiahiatia ana.
He aha te hanga
I te wā e hanga ana, ka pāngia te katoa o te mea hanga ki te āhua kirihou, ā, ka nui te rere o te kirihou. I te wā e tāia ana, ka hangaia te mea hanga ki te āhua kirihou mā te whakarerekē i te tūnga o ia wāhanga, ā, kāore he rere kirihou i roto i te tawhiti nui. Ko te tikanga o te hanga ko te tukatuka i ngā wāhanga whakarewa. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tukatuka i ētahi mea ehara i te whakarewa, pērā i te kirihou hangarau, te rapa, ngā mea hanga ki te uku, ngā pereki, me te hanganga o ngā rauemi hiato.
Ko te hurihuri, te kume, me ērā atu mea i roto i ngā ahumahi hanga me te whakarewa he tukatuka kirihou, he tukatuka pēhanga rānei. Heoi, ko te hanga te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei hanga wāhanga whakarewa, ko te hurihuri me te kume ia e whakamahia ana hei hanga rauemi whakarewa whānui pērā i ngā pereti, ngā rīpene, ngā paipa, ngā kōtaha, me ngā waea.
Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Hanga
Ko te tikanga hanga me te pāmahana whakarerekētanga te nuinga o te whakarōpūtanga. E ai ki te tikanga hanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te hanga ki ngā wāhanga e rua: te hanga me te tā. E ai ki te pāmahana whakarerekētanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te hanga ki te hanga wera, te hanga makariri, te hanga mahana, me te hanga isothermal, me ētahi atu.
1. Te hanga wera
Ko te hanga wera he hanga e mahia ana i runga ake i te pāmahana whakakōkī anō o te konganuku. Mā te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ka taea te whakapai ake i te kirihou o te konganuku, he mea whai hua ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o roto o te mea mahi, ā, ka iti ake te tūponotanga kia pakaru. Ka taea hoki e ngā pāmahana teitei te whakaiti i te ātete ki te hurihanga o te konganuku me te whakaiti i te taumaha e hiahiatia ana.mīhini hangaHeoi, he maha ngā tukanga hanga wera, he ngoikore te tika o te rauemi mahi, ā, kāore te mata i te maeneene. Ā, ka ngāwari ngā hanga ki te waikura, te tango waro, me te kino o te tahunga. Ina nui, ina matotoru te rauemi mahi, he kaha teitei, he iti hoki te kirihou (pēnei i te piko o ngā pereti matotoru rawa, te tuhi i ngā tokotoko maitai waro teitei, me ētahi atu), ā, ka whakamahia te hanga wera.
Ko ngā pāmahana wera hanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko: te maitai waro 800~1250℃; te maitai hanganga koranu 850~1150℃; te maitai tere-rahi 900~1100℃; te koranu konumohe 380~500℃; te koranu 850~1000℃; te parahi 700~900℃.
2. Te hanga matao
Ko te hanga matao he hanga e mahia ana i raro i te pāmahana whakakōhatu anō o te konganuku. Ko te tikanga whānui, ko te hanga matao e pā ana ki te hanga i te pāmahana rūma.
He tino tika te āhua me te rahi o ngā mea i hangaia mā te hanga matao i te pāmahana rūma, he maeneene ngā mata, he iti noa ngā mahi tukatuka, ā, he watea hoki mō te whakaputa aunoa. He maha ngā wāhanga hanga matao me ngā wāhanga tā matao ka taea te whakamahi tika hei wāhanga, hei hua rānei, me te kore e hiahiatia he mīhini. Heoi, i te wā hanga matao, nā te iti o te kirihou o te konganuku, he ngāwari te pakaru i te wā e whakarerekētia ana te āhua, ā, he nui te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga, e hiahiatia ana he mīhini hanga taumaha-rahi.
3. Te hanga mahana
Ko te hanga i te pāmahana teitei ake i te pāmahana noa engari kāore e neke ake i te pāmahana whakakōkī anō ka kiia ko te hanga mahana. Ka whakamahanahia te konganuku, ā, he iti iho te pāmahana whakamahana i te hanga wera. He nui ake te tika o te hanga mahana, he maeneene ake te mata, ā, he iti te ātete ki te hurihanga.
4. Te hanga isothermal
Mā te hanga isothermal ka mau tonu te pāmahana o te konganuku i te wā katoa o te tukanga hanga. Ko te hanga isothermal he whakamahi katoa i te kirihou teitei o ētahi konganuku i te pāmahana kotahi, hei whiwhi rānei i ngā hanganga me ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ko te hanga isothermal me pupuri te pokepokea me te rauemi kino i te pāmahana pumau, he nui ngā utu e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakamahia anake mō ngā tukanga hanga motuhake, pērā i te hanga superplastic.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hanga
Ka taea e te hanga te whakarerekē i te hanganga whakarewa me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakarewa. I muri i te hanga wera o te ingot, ka whakakīia, ka whakarewahia rānei te wetewete taketake, ngā pūwero, ngā kapiti moroiti, me ētahi atu i roto i te āhua whakarewa. Ka pakaruhia ngā dendrite taketake, ka angiangi ake ngā kakano. I taua wā anō, ka whakarerekēhia te wehenga carbide taketake me te tohatoha kore taurite. Ka hanga kia ōrite te hanganga, kia whiwhi ai i ngā hanga kia matotoru, kia ōrite, kia angiangi, kia pai te mahi whānui, ā, he pono te whakamahi. I muri i te whakapōturitanga o te hanga e te hanga wera, ka whai hanganga muka te whakarewa. I muri i te whakapōturitanga o te hanga makariri, ka noho pai te karaihe whakarewa.
Ko te hanga whakarewa he mea kia rere te konganuku i roto i te āhua kirihou hei hanga i tētahi mea mahi o te āhua e hiahiatia ana. Kāore te rōrahi o te konganuku e rerekē i muri i te rere o te kirihou nā te kaha o waho, ā, ka rere tonu te konganuku ki te wāhanga he iti rawa te ātete. I roto i te whakaputanga, ka whakahaerehia te āhua o te mea mahi i runga i ēnei ture kia tutuki ai ngā whakarerekētanga pēnei i te matotoru, te roa, te whānui, te piko, me te kukume hōhonu.
He tika te rahi o te mea hanga, ā, he pai hoki mō te whakarite i te hanga papatipu. He tika, he pumau hoki ngā ine o te hanga pokepokea i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te hanga, te whakaputa, me te tā. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mīhini hanga tino pai me ngā raina hanga hanga aunoa hei whakarite i te hanga papatipu motuhake, i te hanga papatipu rānei.
Ko ngā mīhini hanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā hama hanga,ngā mīhini pēhi waipēhi, me ngā mīhini perehi. He tere nui te pānga o te hama hanga, he mea pai mō te rere kirihou o te konganuku, engari ka puta he wiri. Ka whakamahia e te mīhini perehi waipēhi te hanga pūmau, he mea pai mō te hanga i roto i te konganuku me te whakapai ake i te hanganga. He pumau te mahi, engari he iti te hua. He whiu pumau tō te mīhini perehi, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakatinana i te mīhini me te aunoatanga.
Te Auahatanga Whakawhanake o te Hangarau Hanga
1) Hei whakapai ake i te kounga ā-roto o ngā wāhanga hanga, ko te whakapai ake i ō rātou āhuatanga hangarau (kaha, kirihou, pakari, kaha ngenge) me te pono.
Me whakamahi pai ake i te ariā o te whakarerekētanga kirihou o ngā konganuku. Whakamahia ngā rauemi he kounga ake, pērā i te maitai kua tukatukahia ki te korehau me te maitai kua rewahia ki te korehau. Whakahaerehia te whakamahana i mua i te hanga me te maimoatanga wera hanga kia tika. Whakamātautau pakari ake, whānui ake hoki i ngā wāhanga hanga.
2) Whakawhanakehia ake te hangarau hanga tika me te hangarau tā tika. Ko te tukatuka kore-tapa te mehua me te huarahi tino nui mō te umanga mīhini ki te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga rauemi, te whakapai ake i te hua o te mahi, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao. Ko te whanaketanga o te whakamahana kore-waikura o ngā para hanga, me ngā rauemi pokepokea pakeke-teitei, ātete-kakahu, roa te ora me ngā tikanga maimoatanga mata, ka whai hua ki te whakawhānui ake i te whakamahinga o te hanga tika me te tā tika.
3) Whakawhanake i ngā taputapu hanga me ngā raina whakaputa hanga me te hua teitei ake me te aunoatanga. I raro i te whakaputanga motuhake, ka tino pai ake te hua o te mahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga.
4) Whakawhanake i ngā pūnaha hanga hanga ngāwari (mā te whakamahi i te hangarau rōpū, te whakawhiti tere o te mate, me ētahi atu). Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā mahi hanga hanga maha-momo, iti-rōpū te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hanga hanga tino whai hua, tino aunoa hoki, me ngā raina hanga. Me whakarite tōna hua me tōna ōhanga kia tata ki te taumata o te hanga papatipu.
5) Te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi hou, pērā i te hanga i ngā tikanga tukatuka o ngā rauemi whakarewa paura (ina koa ko te paura whakarewa paparua), te whakarewa wai, ngā kirihou whakakaha muka, me ētahi atu rauemi hiato. Te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau pērā i te hanga kirihou nui, te hanga pūngao-nui, me te hanga pēhanga-nui ā-roto.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-04-2024
