I-Forging yigama elihlanganisiwe le-forging kanye ne-stamping. Iyindlela yokucubungula ukwakheka esebenzisa isando, i-anvil, kanye ne-punch yomshini wokwakha noma isikhunta ukuze kufakwe ingcindezi endaweni engenalutho ukuze kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki ukuze kutholakale izingxenye zesimo nosayizi odingekayo.
Kuyini ukubumba
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakheka, yonke indawo engenalutho idlula ekuguqukeni okukhulu kwepulasitiki kanye nokugeleza okukhulu kwepulasitiki. Enqubweni yokunyathela, indawo engenalutho yakhiwa kakhulu ngokushintsha indawo yendawo ngayinye yengxenye, futhi akukho ukugeleza kwepulasitiki okungaphezu kwebanga elikhulu ngaphakathi kwayo. I-Forging isetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukucubungula ezinye izinto ezingezona izinsimbi, njengepulasitiki yobunjiniyela, irabha, izimbobo ze-ceramic, izitini, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
Ukugoqa, ukudweba, njll. ezimbonini zokugaya kanye nezensimbi konke kuyizinto zokucubungula ngepulasitiki noma ngengcindezi. Kodwa-ke, ukugoqa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi, kuyilapho ukugoqa nokudweba kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezingcwecwe, imichilo, amapayipi, amaphrofayili, kanye nezintambo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kokwakha
Ukwakha kuhlukaniswa kakhulu ngokwendlela yokwakha kanye nokushisa kokuguqulwa. Ngokwendlela yokwakha, ukwakheka kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukwakheka kanye nokunyathela. Ngokwezinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa, ukwakheka kungahlukaniswa ngokwakha okushisayo, ukwakheka okubandayo, ukwakheka okufudumele, kanye nokwakheka kwe-isothermal, njll.
1. Ukwakha Okushisayo
Ukushisa kwenziwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kwensimbi. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwensimbi, okuzuzisa ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yangaphakathi yento yokusebenza futhi kwenze kube lula ukuqhekeka. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu linganciphisa nokumelana nokuguquguquka kwensimbi futhi linciphise ubukhulu be-tonnage edingekayo.imishini yokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, kunezinqubo eziningi zokufaka izinto ezishisayo, ukunemba kwento yokusebenza akukuhle, futhi ubuso abubushelelezi. Futhi izinto ezishisayo zithambekele ekushiseni, ekususeni i-carburization, nasekushiseni. Uma into yokusebenza inkulu futhi ijiyile, izinto zinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-plasticity ephansi (njengokugoba kwamapuleti aminyene kakhulu, ukudweba izinduku zensimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, njll.), futhi kusetshenziswa izinto ezishisayo.
Amazinga okushisa okushisa asetshenziswa ngokuvamile yilawa: insimbi yekhabhoni 800~1250℃; insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy 850~1150℃; insimbi yesivinini esiphezulu 900~1100℃; i-aluminium alloy esetshenziswa njalo 380~500℃; i-alloy 850~1000℃; ithusi 700~900℃.
2. Ukwakha okubandayo
Ukufakwa kwensimbi ebandayo kuwukufakwa kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kwensimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa kwensimbi ebandayo kubhekisela ekufakweni kwensimbi ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Izinto zokusebenza ezakhiwe ngokufakwa okubandayo ekamelweni lokushisa zinesimo esiphakeme kanye nokunemba okulinganayo, izindawo ezibushelelezi, izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokucubungula, futhi zilungele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo. Izingxenye eziningi ezenziwe ngokubandayo nezigxivizwe ngokubandayo zingasetshenziswa ngqo njengezingxenye noma imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesidingo somshini wokugaya. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokufakwa okubandayo, ngenxa yokungabi bushelelezi kwensimbi, ukuqhekeka kulula ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa futhi ukumelana nokuguqulwa kukhulu, okudinga imishini yokugaya enamathani amakhulu.
3. Ukwakha okufudumele
Ukufaka insimbi endaweni yokushisa ephakeme kunezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kodwa engadluli izinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kubizwa ngokuthi i-warm forging. Insimbi ishiswa kakhulu, kanti izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi kakhulu kunelokufaka insimbi eshisayo. Ukufaka insimbi efudumele kunokunemba okuphezulu, indawo ebushelelezi, kanye nokumelana nokubola okuphansi.
4. Ukwakhiwa kwe-isothermal
Ukwakhiwa kwe-isothermal kugcina izinga lokushisa elingenalutho lingaguquki phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokwakha. Ukwakhiwa kwe-isothermal kuwukusebenzisa ngokugcwele i-plasticity ephezulu yezinsimbi ezithile ekushiseni okufanayo noma ukuthola izakhiwo nezakhiwo ezithile. Ukwakhiwa kwe-isothermal kudinga ukugcina isikhunta nezinto ezimbi ekushiseni okufanayo, okudinga izindleko eziphezulu futhi kusetshenziselwa kuphela izinqubo ezikhethekile zokwakhiwa, njengokwakhiwa kwe-superplastic.
Izici Zokwakha
Ukwakha kungashintsha isakhiwo sensimbi futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zensimbi. Ngemva kokuba i-ingot ishisiwe, ukukhululeka kokuqala, ama-pores, imifantu emincane, njll. esimweni sokubumba kuyahlanganiswa noma kuhlanganiswe. Ama-dendrite okuqala ayahlukaniswa, okwenza izinhlamvu zibe zincane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide yokuqala kanye nokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kuyashintshwa. Yenza isakhiwo sifane, ukuze kutholakale ukwakheka okuqinile, okufanayo, okuhle, okusebenzayo kahle, futhi okuthembekile ekusetshenzisweni. Ngemva kokuba ukwakheka kushintshiwe ukwakheka ukwakhiwa ukwakhiwa okushisayo, insimbi inesakhiwo esine-fiber. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kokwakheka okubandayo, ikristalu yensimbi iba nokuhleleka.
Ukwakha insimbi ukwenza ukugeleza kwensimbi kube yipulasitiki ukuze kwakheke umsebenzi wesimo esifunwayo. Umthamo wensimbi awushintshi ngemva kokuba ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kwenzeke ngenxa yamandla angaphandle, futhi insimbi ihlala igeleza iye engxenyeni ngokumelana okuncane kakhulu. Ekukhiqizeni, ukuma komsebenzi kuvame ukulawulwa ngokwale mithetho ukuze kufezwe ukuguquguquka okufana nokuqina, ukunwebeka, ukwanda, ukugoba, kanye nokudweba okujulile.
Usayizi womsebenzi owenziwe ngobumba unembile futhi uyasiza ekuhleleni ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ubukhulu bokwakheka kwesikhunta ezisetshenziswayo njengokwakheka, ukukhipha, kanye nokunyathela bunembile futhi buzinzile. Imishini yokwenza ngobumba esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza ngobumba ezenzakalelayo ingasetshenziswa ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi okukhethekile.
Imishini yokubopha evame ukusetshenziswa ihlanganisa izando zokubopha,imishini yokucindezela ye-hydraulic, kanye nokucindezela komshini. Isando sokugaya sinesivinini esikhulu sokushaya, okuzuzisa ukugeleza kwensimbi ngepulasitiki, kodwa kuzokhiqiza ukudlidliza. Umshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic usebenzisa ukucindezela okungaguquki, okuzuzisayo ekugqumeni insimbi nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo. Umsebenzi uzinzile, kodwa umkhiqizo uphansi. Umshini wokucindezela wemishini une-stroke engaguquki futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa imishini kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela.
Umkhuba Wokuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bokwakha
1) Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi yezingxenye ezibunjiwe, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zazo zemishini (amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina, amandla okukhathala) kanye nokuthembeka.
Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwenkolelo-mbono yokuguqulwa kwensimbi ngepulasitiki. Faka izinto ezisezingeni elingcono ngokwemvelo, njengensimbi ehlungwe nge-vacuum kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe nge-vacuum. Yenza ukwelashwa kokushisa nokushisa kusengaphambili ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlolwa okuqinile nokubanzi okungonakalisi izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
2) Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ngokunemba kanye nokunyathela ngokunemba. Ukucubungula okungasikiwe kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu nesiqondiso embonini yemishini yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wabasebenzi, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kokushisa okungasebenzisi i-oxidative kwezikhala zokubumba, kanye nezinto zokubumba eziqinile, ezingagugi, ezihlala isikhathi eside kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ubuso, kuzoba usizo ekusetshenzisweni okwandisiwe kokuhlanganisa ngokunemba kanye nokunyathela ngokunemba.
3) Thuthukisa imishini yokuthunga kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza yokuthunga enokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Ngaphansi kokukhiqiza okukhethekile, umkhiqizo wabasebenzi uthuthuka kakhulu futhi izindleko zokuthunga ziyancipha.
4) Yakha izinhlelo zokwakha eziguquguqukayo (ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beqembu, ukushintsha okusheshayo kwedayi, njll.). Lokhu kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziningi, ezincane ze-forgering ezincane kusebenzise imishini noma imigqa yokukhiqiza esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ezenzakalelayo kakhulu. Yenza ukukhiqizwa kwayo kanye nomnotho wayo kusondele ezingeni lokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
5) Yakha izinto ezintsha, njengezindlela zokucubungula izinto zokusansimbi eziyimpuphu (ikakhulukazi i-powder yensimbi enezingqimba ezimbili), insimbi ewuketshezi, amapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha, nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Yakha ubuchwepheshe obufana nokwakha i-superplastic, ukwakha amandla aphezulu, kanye nokwakha kwangaphakathi okunomfutho ophezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-04-2024
