Murfin ramin kayan haɗin gwiwa wani nau'in murfin ramin dubawa ne, kuma an bayyana halayensa: murfin ramin binciken yana haɗuwa ta hanyar wani tsari ta amfani da polymer azaman kayan matrix, yana ƙara kayan ƙarfafawa, abubuwan cikawa, da sauransu.
A zahiri, murfin ramin resin (wanda kuma ake kira murfin ramin roba mai ƙarfi/rufin ramin da aka haɗa) wani nau'in murfin rami ne wanda ke amfani da zare na gilashi da samfuransa (zanen gilashi, tef, ji, zare, da sauransu) a matsayin kayan ƙarfafawa da kuma resin roba a matsayin kayan matrix. Ya ƙunshi resin polyester mara cika, abubuwan cikawa, masu farawa, masu kauri, ƙarin abubuwan rage raguwa, wakilan ƙirar fim, launuka da kayan ƙarfafawa, da sauransu, sannan kuma sabon nau'in samfurin murfin rijiya ne wanda aka ƙera a zafin jiki mai yawa.
Daga cikin kayan da aka ƙara, kayan da aka ƙarfafa zare (zanen gilashi, tef, ji, zare, da sauransu) su ne manyan, waɗanda aka siffanta su da ƙaramin nauyi na musamman, babban ƙarfi na musamman da takamaiman modulus. Misali, kayan haɗin zare na carbon da resin epoxy, takamaiman ƙarfinsa da takamaiman modulus sun fi na ƙarfe da aluminum sau da yawa girma, kuma yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriyar hana gogayya da lalacewa, mai shafawa kai tsaye, juriyar zafi, juriyar gajiya, juriyar rarrafe, rage hayaniya, rufin lantarki da sauran kaddarorin. Haɗin zare na graphite da resin na iya samun abu mai ƙimar faɗaɗa kusan daidai da sifili. Wani fasalin kayan da aka ƙarfafa zare shine anisotropy, don haka ana iya tsara tsarin zare bisa ga buƙatun ƙarfi na sassa daban-daban na samfurin. Haɗaɗɗun matrix na aluminum da aka ƙarfafa da zare na carbon da zare na silicon carbide har yanzu suna iya kiyaye isasshen ƙarfi da modulus a 500 °C.
Za a iya raba murfin ramin haɗaɗɗen zuwa BMC da SMC bisa ga buƙatar kasuwa, hanyoyin samarwa daban-daban da kayan aiki:
Kayan BMC (DMC) sune mahaɗan gyaran gashi mai yawa. Sau da yawa ana kiransa mahaɗan gyaran gashi mai yawa na polyester marasa cikawa a China. Babban kayan shine prepreg mai kama da kullu wanda aka haɗa gaba ɗaya da GF (zaren gilashi da aka yanka), UP (resin da ba a cika ba), MD (ciller) da ƙari daban-daban. An fara amfani da kayan DMC a tsohuwar Jamus ta Yamma da Burtaniya a shekarun 1960, sannan aka haɓaka su a Amurka da Japan a shekarun 1970 da 1980, bi da bi. Saboda mahaɗan gyaran gashi mai yawa na BMC yana da kyawawan halayen lantarki, halayen injiniya, juriyar zafi, juriyar lalata sinadarai, kuma yana daidaitawa da hanyoyin gyaran gashi daban-daban, yana iya biyan buƙatun aiki na samfura daban-daban, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar kera motoci, jigilar jirgin ƙasa, kayan haɗin gini, kayayyakin injiniya da lantarki da sauran fannoni.
Haɗaɗɗun SMC mahaɗan gyaran takarda ne. Manyan kayan aikin sun ƙunshi GF (zare na musamman), UP (resin da ba shi da cikakken cikawa), ƙarin ƙara mai ƙarancin raguwa, MD (filler) da sauran kayan taimako daban-daban. Ya fara bayyana a Turai a farkon shekarun 1960, kuma a kusan shekarar 1965, Amurka da Japan suka ƙirƙiro wannan sana'a a jere. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ƙasata ta gabatar da layukan samarwa na ƙasashen waje da hanyoyin samarwa na SMC. Kayan haɗin SMC da samfuran da aka ƙera na SMC suna da kyawawan kaddarorin rufin lantarki, halayen injiniya, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, da juriya ga lalata sinadarai. Saboda haka, yawan amfani da samfuran SMC ya zama ruwan dare. Yanayin ci gaba na yanzu shine maye gurbin kayan BMC da haɗaɗɗun SMC.
Yanzu amfani da murfin ramin resin mu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarmu, kuma murfin ramin resin ya shahara saboda aikin tsaftace kansu.
Amfani da murfin ramin resin a kan hanya yana da halaye na rufin gida, babu hayaniya, babu amfani da sake amfani da shi da kuma hana sata ta halitta. Ba za a iya maye gurbinsa da murfin ramin ƙarfe da aka yi da siminti ba.
An yi murfin ramin resin ta hanyar wani tsari na musamman na ƙera shi, wanda ke sa birnin ya yi kama da sabo. Tsawon lokacin sabis ɗin yana ɗaukar shekaru 20-50. Murfin ramin resin da aka ƙera ta hanyar ƙera shi da zafin jiki mai yawa yana da fa'idodin nauyi mai sauƙi da ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga gajiya mai kyau da amincin lalacewa. Yana da fa'idodin ƙera shi da sauƙi, ƙarancin amo, juriya ga lalata sinadarai mai kyau, juriya ga acid da alkali mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan kamanni, kuma gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan sharar gida suna ƙara raguwa.
A yanzu haka ana kasuwa, murfin ramin da masana'antun murfin rami daban-daban ke samarwa an yi su ne da kayan aiki daban-daban, amma fasaloli da yawa suna kama da juna:
1. Ƙarfin aikin hana sata: Murfin ramin da aka haɗa gabaɗaya ana yin su ne da resin da ba shi da cikakken kitse, zare na gilashi da sauran kayayyaki ta hanyar wani tsari na musamman na samarwa, kuma samfuran ba su da wani amfani wajen sake amfani da su. Ƙarfafawa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba.
2. Tsawon lokacin aiki: Ta hanyar amfani da resin mai aiki sosai, zaren gilashi da kuma tsarin samar da kayayyaki na musamman, an tabbatar da shigar murfin rijiyar da aka haɗa a cikin zaren gilashi, kuma mannewa tsakanin su biyun yana ƙaruwa sosai, ta yadda kayan ba zai lalace ba a ƙarƙashin aikin ɗaukar nauyin zagaye. Lalacewar ciki tana faruwa, don haka tabbatar da tsawon lokacin aikin samfurin da fa'idodin sauran murfin ramin resin, wanda hakan ke kawar da rashin kyawun mannewa.
3. Juriyar zafin jiki/ƙarancin zafin jiki, kyakkyawan aikin kariya da kuma juriyar tsatsa: samfurin yana da juriya ga tsatsa, ba shi da guba kuma ba shi da lahani. Babu ƙarin ƙarfe. Ana iya amfani da shi a wurare masu rikitarwa da canzawa, masu tsauri da kuma buƙata. An gwada murfin ramin da masana'antun murfin ramin Bester suka samar ta hanyar cibiyoyin gwaji na ƙasa masu dacewa, kuma suna da juriyar acid da alkali a bayyane, juriya ga tsatsa, hana tsufa da sauran alamu da yawa waɗanda suka cika ƙa'idodin ingancin samfurin.
4. Kyakkyawa kuma mai amfani, mai inganci: bisa ga buƙatun abokan ciniki masu inganci, za mu iya yin LOGO mai rikitarwa da launuka iri-iri a saman murfin ramin guda ɗaya, don haka tsarin ya kasance mai laushi, launin yana da haske da haske. Dangane da buƙatun abokan ciniki, ana iya yin shi ta hanyar yin kamannin dutse da launuka iri-iri iri-iri waɗanda suka yi kama da layukan dutse daban-daban.
5. Ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai ƙarfi: Ƙasan yana ɗaukar tsarin ƙira na musamman, kuma zaren ƙarfafawa da ake amfani da shi akai-akai an yi shi ne da kayan aiki don tabbatar da cewa an haɗa zaren zaren da zaren gilashi, don samfurin ya sami ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya.
6. Kare muhalli, rashin zamewa, ƙarancin hayaniya: murfin ramin ba zai zame ba bayan an naɗe motar, kuma ba za a sami hayaniya da gurɓataccen abu ba.
Lokacin shigar da murfin ramin haɗaɗɗen abu, bi waɗannan matakai guda huɗu:
1. Kafin a fara shigarwa, ya kamata harsashin murfin ramin ya kasance mai tsabta da ƙarfi, kuma ya kamata a ƙayyade diamita na ciki, tsayi da faɗi bisa ga girman murfin ramin.
2. Lokacin shigar da murfin ramin da aka haɗa a kan hanyar siminti, a kula da ginin rijiyar da siminti, sannan a sanya zoben kariya na siminti a gefen wurin don gyarawa na tsawon kwanaki 10.
3. Lokacin da ake sanya murfin ramin da aka haɗa a kan titin kwalta, ya kamata a mai da hankali don guje wa injinan gini suna jujjuya murfin ramin da wurin zama na rijiyar kai tsaye don guje wa lalacewa.
4. Domin kiyaye kyawun murfin ramin da kuma rubutun hannu da tsari mai kyau, a yi taka tsantsan kada a bata murfin ramin lokacin da ake zuba kwalta da siminti a saman hanya.
hanyar ci gaba:
(1) Ƙarfinsa ya fi na murfin ramin filastik na dutse. Yana iya ɗaukar fiye da tan 40 na motoci.
(2) Cikakken aikinta yana tsakanin murfin ramin dutse da filastik da murfin ramin siminti, wanda ya fi na siminti kyau; ana iya amfani da shi a lokutan da ake buƙatar fasaha sosai don murfin ramin.
(3) Babban fa'idarsa ita ce ba ya amfani da ƙarfafa kwarangwal na ƙarfe, amma an ƙarfafa shi da haɗin fiber na gilashi, wanda ke cikin samfuran GRC. Saboda haka, yana da fa'idar rashin tasiri lokacin da farashin ƙarfe ya ci gaba da hauhawa. Saboda ba ya ɗauke da ƙaramin ƙarfe, yana hana sata fiye da murfin filastik na dutse da siminti na zare.
(4) Saurin tsaftace shi ya fi sauri fiye da na simintin zare sau da yawa, kuma ana iya rushe shi cikin awanni 8. Idan aka samar da shi a cikin sau uku, ana iya rushe shi sau uku cikin awanni 24. Duk da cewa adadin mold ya fi na filastik dutse, kashi 1/6 ne kawai na murfin ramin zare na siminti. Hakanan yana iya rage jarin mold. Tare da fitowar seti 10,000 na murfin ramin zare a kowace shekara, ana buƙatar seti 10 na molds.
(5) Murfin ramin da aka haɗa ya dace, ya fi ci gaba, kuma ba za a iya kwatanta shi da sauran molds ba (kamar molds na roba, molds na filastik, molds na filastik da aka ƙarfafa da zare).
(6) A ci gaba da ingantawa da sabunta murfin ramin da aka haɗa, alamomi daban-daban sun wuce matsayin masana'antu na Ma'aikatar Gine-gine, kuma sun kai matsayin inganci na masana'antar murfin ramin da ke ƙasata.
Ms. Serafina +86 15102806197
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-23-2022
