Chivundikiro cha chimbudzi cha zinthu zophatikizika ndi mtundu wa chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chowunikira, ndipo makhalidwe ake amafotokozedwa: chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chowunikira chimawonjezeredwa ndi njira inayake pogwiritsa ntchito polima ngati zinthu za matrix, kuwonjezera zinthu zolimbitsa, zodzaza, ndi zina zotero.
Ndipotu, chivundikiro cha manhole cha utomoni (chomwe chimatchedwanso polymer glass fiber reinforced plastic manhole cover/composite material manhole cover) ndi mtundu wa chivundikiro cha manhole chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zake (nsalu yagalasi, tepi, felt, ulusi, ndi zina zotero) ngati zinthu zolimbikitsira ndi utomoni wopangidwa ngati matrix. Chimakhala ndi utomoni wa polyester wosakhuta, zodzaza, zoyambitsa, zothina, zowonjezera zochepa, zodzoladzola za filimu, utoto ndi zinthu zolimbikitsira, ndi zina zotero, kenako ndi mtundu watsopano wa chinthu chophimba chitsime chomwe chimapangidwa kutentha kwambiri.
Pakati pa zinthu zomwe zawonjezeredwa, zinthu zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi (nsalu yagalasi, tepi, felt, ulusi, ndi zina zotero) ndi zazikulu, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mphamvu yokoka yaying'ono, mphamvu yayikulu komanso modulus yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zophatikizidwa za ulusi wa kaboni ndi epoxy resin, mphamvu yake yeniyeni ndi modulus yeniyeni ndi zazikulu kangapo kuposa za chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo ilinso ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala, kukana kukangana ndi kusweka, kudzipaka mafuta, kukana kutentha, kukana kutopa, kukana Creep, kuchepetsa phokoso, kutchinjiriza magetsi ndi zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza kwa ulusi wa graphite ndi resin kumatha kupeza chinthu chokhala ndi coefficient yowonjezera pafupifupi zero. Chinthu china cha zinthu zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi ndi anisotropy, kotero dongosolo la ulusi lingapangidwe malinga ndi zofunikira za mphamvu za magawo osiyanasiyana a chinthucho. Zophatikiza za aluminiyamu zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni ndi ulusi wa silicon carbide zimatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso modulus pa 500 °C.
Zophimba za chimbudzi chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: BMC ndi SMC malinga ndi kufunikira kwa msika, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi zipangizo:
Zipangizo za BMC (DMC) ndi zinthu zopangira zinthu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti unsaturated polyester bulk molding compound ku China. Zinthu zazikulu zopangira ndi ufa wofanana ndi mtanda womwe umasakanizidwa bwino ndi GF (glass fiber), UP (unsaturated resin), MD (filler) ndi zina zowonjezera. Zipangizo za DMC zinagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ku West Germany wakale ndi United Kingdom m'ma 1960, kenako zinapangidwa ku United States ndi Japan m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, motsatana. Chifukwa chakuti BMC bulk molding compound ili ndi zinthu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zamagetsi, kukana kutentha, kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, komanso imasintha malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu, imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalimoto, mayendedwe a sitima, zowonjezera zomangamanga, zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ndi zina.
Zipangizo zopangira za SMC ndi zinthu zopangira mapepala. Zipangizo zazikulu zimapangidwa ndi GF (ulusi wapadera), UP (unsaturated resin), zowonjezera zochepa zocheperako, MD (zodzaza) ndi zinthu zina zothandizira. Zinayamba kuonekera ku Europe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, ndipo cha m'ma 1965, United States ndi Japan zinapanga luso limeneli motsatizana. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, dziko langa linayambitsa njira zopangira zakunja za SMC komanso njira zopangira. Zipangizo zopangira za SMC ndi zinthu zawo zopangidwa ndi SMC zili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zotetezera magetsi, mphamvu zamakina, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangira za SMC ndi yofala kwambiri. Chizolowezi chamakono cha chitukuko ndikusintha zinthu za BMC ndi zinthu zopangira za SMC.
Tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito zophimba zathu za utomoni kumachita gawo lalikulu pamoyo wathu, ndipo zophimba za utomoni zimaonekera chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yodziyeretsa yokha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zophimba maenje a resin pamsewu kuli ndi mawonekedwe a kutchinjiriza, opanda phokoso, opanda phindu lobwezeretsanso zinthu komanso oletsa kuba. Sizingasinthidwe ndi zophimba maenje achitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
Chivundikiro cha resin chimapangidwira ndi njira yapadera yopangira utomoni, zomwe zimapangitsa mzindawu kuoneka watsopano. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi zaka 20-50. Chivundikiro cha resin chopangidwa ndi utomoni chopangidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri chili ndi ubwino wolemera pang'ono komanso mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutopa kwambiri komanso chitetezo ku kuwonongeka. Chili ndi ubwino wopangira utomoni wosavuta, phokoso lochepa lopera, kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, kukana asidi ndi alkali komanso mawonekedwe okongola, ndipo zoipitsa m'madzi otayidwa zimachepa kwambiri.
Tsopano pamsika, zophimba za manhole zopangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, koma zinthu zingapo ndizofanana:
1. Mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuba: Zophimba za chimbudzi chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi utomoni wosakhuta, ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zina kudzera munjira yapadera yopangira, ndipo zinthuzo sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kulimbitsa sikophweka.
2. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wochita bwino kwambiri, ulusi wagalasi ndi njira yapadera yopangira, chivundikiro cha chitsime chophatikizika mu ulusi wagalasi chimatsimikizika, ndipo kumamatira pakati pa ziwirizi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kotero kuti zinthuzo sizingawonongeke chifukwa cha katundu wozungulira. Kuwonongeka kwamkati kumachitika, motero kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chinthucho ndi zabwino zomwezo za zophimba zina za utomoni wophatikizika, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa vuto la kumamatira kosayenera.
3. Kukana kutentha kwambiri/kutentha kochepa, kutenthetsa bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri mwamphamvu: mankhwalawa ndi osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, samayambitsa poizoni komanso savulaza. Alibe zowonjezera zachitsulo. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ovuta komanso osinthika, ovuta komanso ovuta. Zophimba za manhole zopangidwa ndi opanga manhole a Bester composite zayesedwa ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka adziko lonse, ndipo ali ndi kukana kwa asidi ndi alkali, kukana dzimbiri, kukana ukalamba ndi zizindikiro zina zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya khalidwe la malonda.
4. Yokongola komanso yothandiza, yapamwamba: malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala apamwamba, titha kupanga LOGO yovuta komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamwamba pa chivundikiro chomwecho cha chimbudzi, kuti mawonekedwe ake akhale ofewa, mtundu wake ukhale wowala komanso wowonekera bwino. Malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala, imatha kupangidwa kukhala miyala yoyerekeza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili yofanana ndi miyala yosiyanasiyana.
5. Mphamvu yonyamula katundu mwamphamvu: Pansi pake pamakhala kapangidwe kake kapadera, ndipo ulusi wolimbitsa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse umapangidwa ndi zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti nsalu ya ulusi ndi ulusi wagalasi zikuphatikizidwa, kotero kuti chinthucho chili ndi mphamvu yonyamula katundu.
6. Kuteteza chilengedwe, kusatsetsereka, phokoso lochepa: chivundikiro cha dzenje sichidzaterereka galimoto ikagubuduzidwa, ndipo sipadzakhala phokoso loipa la makutu ndi kuipitsidwa.
Mukayika chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, tsatirani njira zinayi izi:
1. Musanayike, maziko a chivundikiro cha chimbudzi ayenera kukhala oyera komanso olimba, ndipo m'mimba mwake, kutalika ndi m'lifupi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kukula kwa chivundikiro cha chimbudzi.
2. Mukayika chivundikiro cha chitsime chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamsewu wa simenti, samalani kuti maziko a chitsimecho azithiridwa ndi simenti, ndipo mphete yoteteza simenti iyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'mphepete mwa chitsimecho kuti ikonzedwe kwa masiku pafupifupi 10.
3. Mukayika zophimba za maenje opangidwa ndi composite pa msewu wa phula, muyenera kusamala kuti makina omangira asagubuduze mwachindunji chivundikiro cha maenje ndi mpando wa chitsime kuti mupewe kuwonongeka.
4. Kuti chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chikhale chokongola komanso cholembedwa bwino komanso chooneka bwino, samalani kuti musadetse chivundikiro cha chimbudzicho mukathira phula ndi simenti pamwamba pa msewu.
njira yopititsira patsogolo:
(1) Mphamvu yake ndi yachiwiri poyerekeza ndi ya zivundikiro za mabowo apulasitiki amwala. Imatha kunyamula magalimoto opitilira matani 40.
(2) Kugwira ntchito kwake konse kuli pakati pa chivundikiro cha m'mabowo cha miyala ndi pulasitiki ndi chivundikiro cha m'mabowo cha konkire, chomwe chili bwino kuposa cha konkire; chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zina pamene pali zofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo pa zivundikiro za m'mabowo.
(3) Ubwino wake waukulu ndi wakuti sagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimbitsa mafupa, koma amalimbikitsidwa ndi galasi la fiber composite, lomwe ndi la zinthu zamtundu wa GRC. Chifukwa chake, lili ndi ubwino woti silimakhudzidwa pamene mtengo wa chitsulo ukukwera. Chifukwa chakuti lilibe chitsulo pang'ono, limaletsa kuba kuposa zophimba za pulasitiki ndi konkire za fiber.
(4) Liwiro lake lotha kuuma ndi lofulumira kangapo kuposa la konkriti ya ulusi, ndipo limatha kuchotsedwa mu maola 8. Ngati lipangidwa katatu, limatha kuchotsedwa katatu mu maola 24. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa nkhungu kumaposa kwa pulasitiki yamwala, ndi 1/6 yokha ya chivundikiro cha khonkriti ya ulusi. Lingathenso kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu nkhungu. Ndi kutulutsa kwa pachaka kwa ma seti 10,000 a zivundikiro za khonkriti, ma seti 10 okha a nkhungu amafunika.
(5) Chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi chabwino kwambiri, chapamwamba kwambiri, komanso chosayerekezeka ndi zinyalala zina (monga zinyalala za rabara, zinyalala za pulasitiki, zinyalala zapulasitiki zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi).
(6) Pakusintha kosalekeza ndikusintha chivundikiro cha chimbudzi chophatikizika, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zapitirira muyezo wamakampani a Unduna wa Zomangamanga, ndipo makamaka zafika pamlingo wabwino wamakampani ophimba chimbudzi m'dziko langa.
Ms. Serafina +86 15102806197
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2022
