Kukula kwa ulusi wa basalt

Ponena za ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wa basalt, ndiyenera kulankhula za Paul Dhe wochokera ku France. Iye anali munthu woyamba kukhala ndi lingaliro lotulutsa ulusi kuchokera ku basalt. Anapempha chilolezo cha US mu 1923. Cha m'ma 1960, United States ndi Soviet Union wakale onse anayamba kuphunzira za kugwiritsa ntchito basalt, makamaka mu zida zankhondo monga ma rocket. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States, mitundu yambiri ya basalt imapangidwa. Washington State University RVSubramanian idachita kafukufuku pa kapangidwe ka mankhwala a basalt, momwe amatulutsira komanso momwe ulusi wa basalt umagwirira ntchito. Owens Corning (OC) ndi makampani ena angapo agalasi achita mapulojekiti odziyimira pawokha ndipo adapeza ma patent ena aku US. Cha m'ma 1970, American Glass Company inasiya kafukufuku wa ulusi wa basalt, inakhazikitsa cholinga chake pa zinthu zake zazikulu, ndikupanga ulusi wabwino kwambiri wagalasi kuphatikiza ulusi wagalasi wa Owens Corning's S-2.
Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yofufuza ku Eastern Europe ikupitirira. Kuyambira m'ma 1950, mabungwe odziyimira pawokha omwe adachita kafukufukuyu ku Moscow, Prague ndi madera ena adavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wakale wa Zachitetezo ku Soviet ndipo adakhazikika ku Soviet Union wakale pafupi ndi Kiev ku Ukraine. Mabungwe ofufuza ndi mafakitale. Pambuyo pa kusweka kwa Soviet Union mu 1991, zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Soviet Union zidachotsedwa m'gulu ndipo zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za anthu wamba.

Masiku ano, kafukufuku wambiri, kupanga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa basalt pamsika kumachokera ku zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Soviet Union wakale. Poganizira momwe zinthu zilili pakali pano pakukula kwa ulusi wa basalt wapakhomo, pali mitundu itatu ya ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wopitilira wa basalt: umodzi ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi Sichuan Aerospace Tuoxin, wina ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yosungunuka yonse yoyimiridwa ndi Zhejiang Shijin Company, ndipo wina ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi Sichuan Aerospace Tuoxin. Mtunduwu ndi ulusi wa miyala wa basalt wa Zhengzhou Dengdian Group monga ng'anjo yoyimira thanki yosungunuka yonse yamagetsi.
Poyerekeza luso laukadaulo ndi zachuma la njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu zapakhomo, ng'anjo yamagetsi yokhayokha yomwe ilipo pano ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira, kulondola kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso mpweya woyaka wopanda mpweya. Kaya ndi ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wagalasi kapena ulusi wa basalt, dzikolo likulimbikitsa mogwirizana kuti pakhale ng'anjo yamagetsi yokhayokha kuti muchepetse mpweya woipa.

Mu 2019, National Development and Reform Commission kwa nthawi yoyamba idaphatikizapo ukadaulo wokoka khitchini ya basalt fiber mu "National Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019)" kuti ikulimbikitse chitukuko, chomwe chidawonetsa njira yopititsira patsogolo makampani opanga ulusi wa basalt ku China ndikutsogolera mabizinesi opanga kuti asinthe pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku unit kilns kupita ku unit zazikulu za dziwe. , kupita ku kupanga kwakukulu.
Malinga ndi malipoti, ukadaulo wa kampani ya Kamenny Vek ku Russia wopangira slug wakula kufika paukadaulo wopangira ng'anjo ya slug ya mabowo 1200; ndipo opanga omwe alipo pano akulamulirabe ukadaulo wopangira ng'anjo ya slug ya mabowo 200 ndi 400. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, makampani angapo am'nyumba akhala akuyesera mosalekeza pakufufuza ma slats a mabowo 1200, mabowo 1600, ndi mabowo 2400, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zapezeka, ndipo zalowa mu gawo loyesera, ndikuyika maziko abwino opangira ma uvuni akuluakulu a thanki ndi ma slats akuluakulu ku China mtsogolomu.
Ulusi wopitilira wa Basalt (CBF) ndi ulusi waukadaulo wapamwamba komanso wochita bwino kwambiri. Uli ndi mawonekedwe aukadaulo wapamwamba, kugawa bwino ntchito mwaluso, komanso magawo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wopanga zinthu ukadali mu gawo loyambirira la chitukuko, ndipo tsopano ukulamulidwa ndi ma uvuni amodzi. Poyerekeza ndi makampani opanga ulusi wagalasi, makampani opanga zinthu za CBF ali ndi zokolola zochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndalama zambiri zopangira, komanso mpikisano wosakwanira pamsika. Patatha zaka pafupifupi 40 akupangidwa, ma uvuni akuluakulu a thanki omwe alipo pano okwana matani 10,000 ndi matani 100,000 apangidwa. Ndi okhwima kwambiri. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mtundu wa ulusi wagalasi, ulusi wa basalt ukhoza kupita pang'onopang'ono ku kupanga uvuni waukulu kuti uchepetse ndalama zopangira ndikukweza mtundu wa zinthu.
Kwa zaka zambiri, makampani ambiri opanga zinthu m'nyumba ndi mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi ayika anthu ambiri, zinthu zakuthupi ndi ndalama zambiri pakufufuza ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wa basalt. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zofufuza ndi kuchita zaukadaulo, ukadaulo wopanga zojambula za uvuni umodzi wakhala wokhwima. Kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ndalama zochepa pakufufuza ukadaulo wa uvuni wa thanki, masitepe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kulephera.

Kafukufuku waukadaulo wa uvuni wa thanki: zida za uvuni ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri popanga ulusi wopitilira wa basalt. Kaya kapangidwe ka uvuni ndi koyenera, kaya kugawa kutentha ndikoyenera, kaya zinthu zotsutsa zimatha kupirira kuwonongeka kwa yankho la basalt, magawo owongolera mulingo wamadzimadzi ndi kutentha kwa uvuni Mavuto ofunikira monga kulamulira ali patsogolo pathu ndipo ayenera kuthetsedwa.
Ma uvuni akuluakulu a thanki ndi ofunikira popanga zinthu zazikulu. Mwamwayi, Dengdian Group yatsogolera pakupanga kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakufufuza ndi kupanga ukadaulo wa thanki yosungunulira thanki yamagetsi yonse. Malinga ndi anthu odziwa bwino ntchito zamakampaniwa, kampaniyo tsopano ili ndi uvuni waukulu wa thanki yosungunulira thanki yamagetsi yonse wokhala ndi mphamvu yopangira matani 1,200 wakhala ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 2018. Uku ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wojambula wa thanki yosungunulira thanki ya basalt fiber yonse, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukweza makampani onse a basalt fiber.

Kafukufuku waukadaulo waukulu wa slat:Ma uvuni akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi ma slats akuluakulu ofanana. Kafukufuku wa ukadaulo wa slat umaphatikizapo kusintha kwa zinthu, kapangidwe ka ma slats, kufalikira kwa kutentha, ndi kapangidwe ka kukula kwa ma slats. Izi sizofunikira kokha. Akatswiri aluso ayenera kuyesa molimba mtima pochita. Ukadaulo wopanga large slip plate ndi njira imodzi yayikulu yochepetsera mtengo wopanga ndikukweza mtundu wa malonda.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mabowo mu basalt continuous fiber slats kunyumba ndi kunja kuli makamaka mabowo 200 ndi mabowo 400. Njira yopangira ma sluices angapo ndi ma slats akuluakulu idzawonjezera mphamvu ya makina amodzi ndi ma multiples. Njira yofufuzira ma slats akuluakulu idzatsatira lingaliro la chitukuko cha ma slats agalasi, kuyambira mabowo 800, mabowo 1200, mabowo 1600, mabowo 2400, ndi zina zotero mpaka ku njira ya mabowo ambiri a slat. Kafukufuku ndi kafukufuku wa ukadaulo uwu zithandiza mtengo wopangira. Kuchepetsa kwa basalt fiber kumathandizanso kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, zomwe ndi njira yosapeŵeka ya chitukuko chamtsogolo. Ndikothandiza kukonza ubwino wa basalt fiber direct untwisted roving, ndikufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito fiberglass ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi composite.
Kafukufuku pa zipangizo zopangira basalt: zipangizo zopangira ndiye maziko a mabizinesi opanga. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, chifukwa cha momwe mfundo za dziko zimakhudzira kuteteza chilengedwe, migodi yambiri ya basalt ku China sinathe kukumba nthawi zonse. Zipangizo zopangira sizinakhalepo zomwe makampani opanga zinthu amagwiritsa ntchito kale. Zakhala vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa makampaniwa, ndipo zakakamiza opanga ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti ayambe kuphunzira za momwe zinthu zopangira basalt zimagwirira ntchito.
Mbali yaukadaulo ya njira yopangira ulusi wa basalt ndikuti imatsatira njira yopangira ya Soviet Union wakale ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito miyala imodzi ya basalt ngati zopangira. Njira yopangirayi ikufuna kapangidwe ka miyalayi. Kukula kwa mafakitale pakadali pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchere umodzi kapena zingapo zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe za basalt kuti zigwirizane ndi kupanga, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe makampani a basalt amatcha "zero emission". Makampani angapo opanga zinthu m'nyumba akhala akufufuza ndikuyesera.