Kugadzirwa kwefiber yebasalt

Kana tichitaura nezve tekinoroji yekugadzira fiber yebasalt, ndinofanira kutaura nezvaPaul Dhe wekuFrance. Ndiye munhu wekutanga kuva nepfungwa yekubvisa fiber kubva kubasalt. Akanyorera patent yeUS muna 1923. Munenge muna 1960, United States neyaimbova Soviet Union vese vakatanga kudzidza nezvekushandiswa kwebasalt, kunyanya mumidziyo yemauto yakaita semaroketi. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, huwandu hwakawanda hwemaumbirwo ebasalt hwakanyanya. Washington State University RVSubramanian yakaita tsvakiridzo pamusoro pemakemikari ebasalt, mamiriro ekunze uye hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari hwefiber yebasalt. Owens Corning (OC) nedzimwe makambani akati wandei egirazi vakaita mamwe mapurojekiti ekutsvaga akazvimiririra uye vakawana mamwe mapatenti eUS. Munenge muna 1970, American Glass Company yakasiya tsvakiridzo yefiber yebasalt, yakaisa pfungwa dzayo pazvigadzirwa zvayo zvikuru, uye yakagadzira fiber yegirazi yakawanda iri nani kusanganisira fiber yegirazi yeOwens Corning's S-2.
Panguva imwe chete, basa rekutsvagisa kuEastern Europe riri kuenderera mberi. Kubva kuma1950, masangano akazvimirira aiita basa iri rekutsvagisa muMoscow, Prague nedzimwe nzvimbo akaitwa kuti ave ehurumende nebazi rezvekudzivirira reSoviet rekare uye akanyanya kuunganidzwa muSoviet Union yaimbova pedyo neKiev muUkraine. Masangano ekutsvagisa nemafekitori. Mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union muna 1991, mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yeSoviet Union yakabviswa muzvikamu zvayo ndokutanga kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvevanhuwo zvavo.

Nhasi uno, tsvakiridzo zhinji, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwebasalt fiber pamusika zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yeSoviet Union yaimbova. Tichitarisa mamiriro aripo pari zvino ebasalt fiber yemumba, kune mhando nhatu dzebasalt continuous fiber production technology: imwe ifurnace yemagetsi inomiririrwa neSichuan Aerospace Tuoxin, imwe ifurnace yemagetsi inomiririrwa neZhejiang Shijin Company, uye imwe ifurnace yemagetsi inomiririrwa neSichuan Aerospace Tuoxin. Rudzi urwu ifurnace yematombo ebasalt yeZhengzhou Dengdian Group sechitofu chinomiririra tangi rekunyungudutsa remagetsi.
Tichienzanisa kushanda zvakanaka kwehunyanzvi uye kwehupfumi kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira zvinhu zvemumba, choto chemagetsi chemazuva ano chine simba guru rekugadzira, kunyatsorongeka kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hapana kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa. Ingave tekinoroji yekugadzira fiber yegirazi kana basalt fiber, nyika iri kukurudzira nekubatana kuvandudzwa kwechoto chemagetsi chega chega kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo.

Muna 2019, National Development and Reform Commission kekutanga yakaisa tekinoroji yekudhirowa kwechitofu chebasalt fiber mu "National Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019)" kukurudzira budiriro, iyo yakaratidza gwara rekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yebasalt fiber yeChina uye yakatungamira mabhizinesi ekugadzira kuti achinje zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumakinu eyuniti kuenda kumakinu makuru edziva. , vachitungamira kugadzirwa kukuru.
Zvinoenderana nemishumo, tekinoroji yekambani yeRussia yeKamenny Vek yekugadzira slug yave kugadzirwa kusvika pakugadzira tekinoroji ye slug unit furnace ine maburi 1200; uye vagadziri vepamba varipo vachiri kutonga tekinoroji ye slug unit furnace ine maburi 200 ne400. Mumakore maviri apfuura, makambani akati wandei epamba ave achienderera mberi nekuedza kwakaitwa mukutsvagisa slats dzine maburi 1200, maburi 1600, uye 2400, uye mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa, uye yapinda muchikamu chekuyedza, ichiisa hwaro hwakanaka hwekugadzirwa kukuru kwematanki makuru emoto nematanki makuru muChina mune ramangwana.
Basalt continuous fiber (CBF) ifiber yemhando yepamusoro uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Ine hunhu hwezvinhu zvehunyanzvi, kupatsanurwa kwevashandi nehunyanzvi, uye minda yakasiyana-siyana yehunyanzvi. Parizvino, tekinoroji yekugadzira ichiri muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa, uye ikozvino inonyanya kutungamirwa nemakiln ega ega. Kana ichienzaniswa neindasitiri yefiber yegirazi, indasitiri yeCBF haina kugadzirwa kwakawanda, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakawanda, mitengo yepamusoro yekugadzira, uye kukwikwidzana kwemusika kwakaderera. Mushure memakore anoda kusvika makumi mana ekugadzirwa, makiln etank makuru aripo iye zvino ane matani zviuru gumi nematani zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru akagadzirwa. Yakura zvakanyanya. Kungofanana nemuenzaniso wekugadzirwa kwefiber yegirazi, basalt fiber inogona kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kukugadzirwa kwekiln hombe kuitira kuti irambe ichideredza mari yekugadzira uye kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa.
Kwemakore, makambani mazhinji ekugadzira zvinhu mudzimba nemasangano ekutsvagisa sainzi akaisa mari yakawanda mumabasa, zviwanikwa zvekushandisa uye mari mukutsvaga tekinoroji yekugadzira fiber yebasalt. Mushure memakore ekutsvaga nekushandisa tekinoroji, tekinoroji yekugadzira dhizaini yechoto chimwe chete yave yakakura. Kushandiswa, asi mari shoma mukutsvaga tekinoroji yechoto chetangi, matanho madiki, uye kazhinji yakakundikana.

Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwezvitofu zvetangi: Midziyo yemoto wekubikira ndeimwe yemidziyo yakakosha yekugadzira fiber inoenderera mberi yebasalt. Kuti chimiro chemoto wekubikira chakakodzera here, kana kugoverwa kwetembiricha kwakakodzera here, kana zvinhu zvinoramba zvichikwanisa kutsungirira kukanganiswa kwemvura yebasalt, maparamita ekudzora mwero wemvura uye tembiricha yemoto wekubikira Matambudziko makuru ehunyanzvi akadai sekudzora ari pamberi pedu uye anoda kugadziriswa.
Matangi makuru anodiwa pakugadzirwa kukuru. Nerombo rakanaka, Dengdian Group yakatungamira mukuita budiriro huru mukutsvaga nekuvandudza tekinoroji yemagetsi ese. Sekureva kwevanhu vanoziva nezveindasitiri iyi, kambani iyi ikozvino ine tangi guru rekunyungudutsa rine magetsi ese rine simba rekugadzira matani 1,200 rave richishanda kubvira 2018. Uku kufambira mberi kukuru muhunyanzvi hwekudhirowa hwebasalt fiber yese, iyo inonyanya kukosha uye kukosha kwekusimudzira indasitiri yese yebasalt fiber.

Ongororo huru yetekinoroji yeslat:Mahon'i makuru anofanira kunge aine maslat makuru akaenzana. Tsvagiridzo yetekinoroji yeslat inosanganisira shanduko muzvinhu, marongerwo emaslat, kupararira kwekupisa, uye dhizaini yehukuru hwemaslat. Izvi hazvingodiwi chete. Nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kuedza neushingi mukuita. Tekinoroji yekugadzira large slip plate ndeimwe yenzira huru yekuderedza mutengo wekugadzira uye kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa.
Parizvino, huwandu hwemaburi ari mumabhandi ebasalt anoenderera mberi efiber mudzimba nekune dzimwe nyika hunonyanya kuva maburi mazana maviri nemaburi mazana mana. Nzira yekugadzira maburi akawanda nemaburi makuru ichawedzera kugona kwemuchina mumwe chete nekuwanda. Nzira yekutsvaga maburi makuru ichatevera pfungwa yekuvandudza maburi egirazi, kubva pamaburi mazana masere, maburi zana nemazana maviri, maburi zana nemazana matanhatu, maburi mazana maviri nemana, nezvimwewo kusvika kune mamwe maburi emabhandi. Tsvagiridzo nekutsvaga kwetekinoroji iyi zvichabatsira mutengo wekugadzira. Kuderedzwa kwebhandi rebasalt kunobatsirawo mukuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa, iyo iriwo nzira isingadzivisike yekuvandudzwa mune ramangwana. Zvinobatsira kuvandudza mhando yebhandi rebasalt risingadzoreki, uye kukurumidzisa kushandiswa kwefiberglass nezvinhu zvakasanganiswa.
Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nebasalt: zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi ndizvo hwaro hwemabhizinesi ekugadzira. Mumakore maviri apfuura, nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemitemo yenyika yekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza, migodhi mizhinji yebasalt muChina haina kukwanisa kuchera kazhinji. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi hazvina kumbobvira zvave chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa nemabhizinesi ekugadzira kare. Zvave dambudziko mukusimudzira indasitiri, uye zvakamanikidzawo vagadziri nemasangano ekutsvagisa kuti vatange kudzidza nezvekubatana kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nebasalt.
Chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirwa kwebasalt fiber ndechekuti inotevedzera maitiro ekugadzira eSoviet Union yaimbova uye inoshandisa basalt ore imwe chete sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Maitiro ekugadzira aya anoda kuti simbi iumbwe. Mafambiro aripo pari zvino ndeekushandisa imwe chete kana kuti akawanda akasiyana ezvicherwa zvebasalt zvechisikigo kuti zviite zvakafanana, izvo zvinoenderana nezvinonzi "zero emission" zveindasitiri yebasalt. Makambani akawanda ekugadzira zvinhu mudzimba ave achitsvakurudza uye achiedza.