Iterambere rya fibre ya basalt

Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre ya basalt, ngomba kuvuga kuri Paul Dhe wo mu Bufaransa. Ni we muntu wa mbere wagize igitekerezo cyo gukuramo fibre muri basalt. Yasabye patenti ya Amerika mu 1923. Ahagana mu 1960, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti byombi byatangiye kwiga ikoreshwa rya basalt, cyane cyane mu bikoresho bya gisirikare nka roketi. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umubare munini w'ibikoresho bya basalt wibanda cyane. Kaminuza ya Leta ya Washington RVSubramanian yakoze ubushakashatsi ku miterere ya basalt, imiterere y'ibikomoka kuri fibre ya basalt n'imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti. Owens Corning (OC) n'andi masosiyete menshi y'ibirahure bakoze imishinga imwe n'imwe y'ubushakashatsi yigenga kandi babona patenti zimwe na zimwe zo muri Amerika. Ahagana mu 1970, isosiyete y'ikirahure ya Amerika yaretse ubushakashatsi kuri fibre ya basalt, yibanda ku bicuruzwa byayo by'ingenzi, kandi ikora fibre nyinshi nziza z'ibirahure harimo fibre ya S-2 ya Owens Corning.
Muri icyo gihe, ubushakashatsi mu Burayi bw'Iburasirazuba burakomeje. Kuva mu myaka ya 1950, inzego zigenga zakoreraga muri uru rwego rw'ubushakashatsi i Moscou, Prague n'ahandi hantu zahawe ubwenegihugu na Minisiteri y'Ingabo yahoze ari iya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, zibanda ku cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti hafi ya Kiev muri Ukraine. Ibigo by'ubushakashatsi n'inganda. Nyuma y'isenyuka ry'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti mu 1991, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti byakuwe mu byiciro maze bitangira gukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya gisivili.

Muri iki gihe, ubushakashatsi bwinshi, umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri fibre ya basalt ku isoko bishingiye ku byavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Urebye uko fibre ya basalt iteye ubu, hari ubwoko butatu bw'ikoranabuhanga rikora fibre ya basalt ihoraho: rimwe ni itanura ry'amashanyarazi rihuriweho rigaragazwa na Sichuan Aerospace Tuoxin, irindi ni itanura ry'amashanyarazi rihuriweho rigaragazwa na Zhejiang Shijin Company, naho irindi ni itanura ry'amashanyarazi rihuriweho rigaragazwa na Sichuan Aerospace Tuoxin. Ubwoko bw'ibikomoka kuri fibre ya basalt ya Zhengzhou Dengdian Group nk'itanura ry'amashanyarazi rihuriweho rigaragazwa na tanki ry'amashanyarazi rihuriweho.
Ugereranije imikorere myiza ya tekiniki n'ubukungu y'ibikorwa bitandukanye byo mu gihugu, itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi yose ubu rifite umusaruro mwinshi, rikora neza cyane, rikoresha ingufu nke, rirengera ibidukikije, kandi nta gasi gahumanya. Byaba ari ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre y'ibirahure cyangwa fibre ya basalt, igihugu kirimo gushishikariza ku mugaragaro iterambere ry'amatanura akoresha amashanyarazi yose kugira ngo agabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Mu 2019, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura ku nshuro ya mbere yashyize ahagaragara ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya itanura rya basalt fibre pisine muri "National Inganda Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019)" kugira ngo itere imbere iterambere, ryagaragaje icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda za basalt fibre mu Bushinwa, rinayobora ibigo bitanga umusaruro kuva ku itanura rinini rijya ku rinini, bigamije gukora ku bwinshi.
Amakuru avuga ko ikoranabuhanga rya sosiyete ya Kamenny Vek yo mu Burusiya ryo gushushanya slug ryateye imbere rigera ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya slug unit furniture ifite imyobo 1200; kandi inganda zo mu gihugu ubu ziracyari ku isonga mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya slug unit furniture ifite imyobo 200 na 400. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, amasosiyete menshi yo mu gihugu yagiye agerageza ubushakashatsi ku myobo 1200, imyobo 1600, na 2400, kandi umusaruro mwiza warabonetse, kandi binjiye mu cyiciro cy’igerageza, bashyiraho urufatiro rwiza rw’umusaruro munini w’amatanura manini n’imyobo minini mu Bushinwa mu gihe kizaza.
Fibre ikomeza ya Basalt (CBF) ni fibre igezweho kandi ikora neza. Ifite imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, igabanywa ry’abakozi mu buryo bw’umwuga, n’amashami menshi y’umwuga. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora riracyari mu ntangiriro z’iterambere, kandi ubu riganjemo amatanura rimwe. Ugereranyije n’inganda zikora fibre z’ibirahure, inganda za CBF zifite umusaruro muke, zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, zikoresha ibiciro byinshi byo gukora, kandi ntizishobora guhangana ku isoko bihagije. Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 40 zikora, amatanura manini y’ibigega bya toni 10.000 na toni 100.000 yakozwe. Yakuze cyane. Kimwe n’icyitegererezo cy’iterambere rya fibre z’ibirahure, fibre ya basalt ishobora kugenda buhoro buhoro igana ku musaruro munini w’amatanura kugira ngo ikomeze kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora no kunoza ireme ry’ibicuruzwa.
Mu myaka yashize, ibigo byinshi bitunganya umusaruro mu gihugu n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bya siyansi byashoye abakozi benshi, ibikoresho n'imari mu bushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre ya basalt. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo gushakisha no gukoresha tekiniki, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'itanura rimwe ryarakuze. Ikoreshwa, ariko ishoramari ridahagije mu bushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ifuru y'ibigega, intambwe nto, kandi ahanini byaranze.

Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry'itanura ry'ibigega: Ibikoresho byo mu itanura ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora fibre ikomeza ya basalt. Niba imiterere y'itanura ikwiye, niba ubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza, niba ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bishobora kwihanganira kwangirika kw'umuti wa basalt, ibipimo byo kugenzura urwego rw'amazi n'ubushyuhe bw'itanura Ibibazo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki nko kugenzura byose biri imbere yacu kandi bigomba gukemurwa.
Amatanura manini y’ibigega ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe umusaruro munini. Ku bw’amahirwe, Dengdian Group yafashe iya mbere mu gutera intambwe ikomeye mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’amatanura akoresha amashanyarazi yose. Nk’uko abantu bazi neza inganda babivuga, iyi sosiyete ubu ifite amatanura manini y’ibigega akoresha amashanyarazi yose afite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 1.200 yatangiye gukora kuva mu 2018. Iri ni iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya amatanura akoresha amashanyarazi yose y’ibigega, rifite umwihariko kandi rifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere ry’inganda zose z’ibigega bya basalt.

Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rinini rya slat:Amatanura manini agomba kuba afite uduce duto duhuye. Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya slat bukubiyemo impinduka mu bikoresho, imiterere y'uduce duto, uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira, n'imiterere y'imiterere ya slat. Ibi si ngombwa gusa. Impano z'abahanga zigomba kugerageza mu bikorwa batinyutse. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora slip plate nini ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro no kunoza ireme ry'umusaruro.
Muri iki gihe, umubare w'imyobo iri mu myobo ya basalt ikomeza mu gihugu no mu mahanga ahanini ni imyobo 200 n'imyobo 400. Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro myinshi n'imyobo minini buzongera ubushobozi bw'imashini imwe ku bwinshi. Icyerekezo cy'ubushakashatsi ku myobo minini kizakurikiza igitekerezo cy'iterambere ry'imyobo ya fibre y'ibirahure, kuva ku myobo 800, imyobo 1200, imyobo 1600, imyobo 2400, nibindi kugeza ku cyerekezo cy'imyobo myinshi ya salt. Ubushakashatsi n'ubushakashatsi bw'iri koranabuhanga bizafasha ikiguzi cy'umusaruro. Kugabanya fibre ya basalt binafasha mu kunoza ireme ry'umusaruro, ari nabyo byerekezo bitazibagirana by'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Ni ingirakamaro kunoza ireme rya fibre ya basalt idafite aho ibogamiye, no kwihutisha ikoreshwa rya fiberglass n'ibikoresho bivanze.
Ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho fatizo bya basalt: ibikoresho fatizo ni byo shingiro ry’ibigo bitanga umusaruro. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, bitewe n’ingaruka za politiki y’igihugu yo kurengera ibidukikije, ibirombe byinshi bya basalt mu Bushinwa ntibyashoboye gucukura ubusanzwe. Ibikoresho fatizo ntibyigeze biba intego y’ibigo bitanga umusaruro mu bihe byashize. Byabaye imbogamizi mu iterambere ry’inganda, ndetse byatumye abakora n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi batangira kwiga uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bya basalt bihuzwa.
Uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo gukora fibre ya basalt ni uko ikurikiza inzira yo gukora yahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti kandi igakoresha amabuye y'agaciro ya basalt imwe nk'ibikoresho fatizo. Uburyo bwo gukora busaba imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro. Iterambere ry'inganda muri iki gihe ni ugukoresha amabuye y'agaciro ya basalt imwe cyangwa menshi atandukanye kugira ngo umusaruro uhuzwe, ibi bikaba bihuye n'ibyo inganda za basalt zitwa "zero emissions". Amasosiyete menshi akora ubushakashatsi no kugerageza.