Izizathu kunye nezisombululo zokusilela kweHydraulic Press Mold

Eli nqaku lizazisa ikakhulu izizathu zokungaphumeleliumatshini wokushicilela we-hydrauliciimbumba kunye nezisombululo.

1. Izinto zokubumba

Intsimbi ye-mold yeyentsimbi ye-alloy. Kukho iziphene ezifana nokubandakanywa okungeyontsimbi, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-carbide, ii-pores eziphakathi kunye namabala amhlophe kwisakhiwo sayo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu amandla, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kobushushu be-mold. Ngokubanzi, yahlulwe yaba zii-mold eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokwemigangatho. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yemveliso ephucukileyo, ii-mold ezikumgangatho ophezulu zicocekile ngomgangatho, ziyafana ngesakhiwo, zincinci ngokwahlulwa, kwaye zinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kokudinwa kobushushu.

Isisombululo: Ukwakha ii-mold eziqhelekileyo ukuze kwaphulwe izinto ezinkulu ezingezizo ezesinyithi, kupheliswe ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-carbide, kucocwe ii-carbide, kwaye kwenziwe isakhiwo sifane ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo se-molds ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

2. Uyilo lweMolds

Xa kuyilwa isikhunta, ubukhulu bangaphandle bemodyuli kufuneka bumiselwe ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nobukhulu bejometri yenxalenye eyenziweyo ukuqinisekisa amandla esikhunta. Ukongeza, ngexesha lonyango lobushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesikhunta, ngenxa yerediyasi encinci yefillet, icandelo elibanzi lodonga oluncinci, umahluko omkhulu wobukhulu bodonga, kunye nendawo engafanelekanga yomngxuma kunye nesithuba, kulula ukubangela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka. Uyilo lwesikhunta kufuneka luphephe iikona ezibukhali kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye iindawo zemingxunya kunye nesithuba kufuneka zicwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa

1) Inkqubo yokubumba

Isikhunta sinezinto ezininzi ze-alloy, sinokumelana okukhulu kokuguquguquka ngexesha lokubumba, ukuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu, kunye nobushushu obuphantsi be-eutectic. Ukuba awuyinaki ingqalelo, iya kubangela ukungaphumeleli kwesikhunta. Kufuneka sitshiswe kwi-800-900℃ size sifudumale siye kwi-1065-1175℃. Ukususa izinto ezinkulu ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukususa ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-carbide, kunye nokucoca ii-carbides, ukuphazamiseka kunye nokudweba kufuneka kuphindwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba ngokulungelelaniswa okufanayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphola emva kokubumba, ukucima iintanda kudla ngokuveliswa. Kulula ukuvelisa iintanda ezinqamlezileyo embindini. Ukupholisa kancinci emvaukubumbaungayiphepha le ngxaki.

2) Ukusika

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu wenkqubo yokusika buyichaphazela kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo isikhunta ekudinweni bubushushu. Uburhabaxa bomphezulu womngxunya buphantsi, kwaye akukho ziphene ezifana neempawu zeemela, imikrwelo, kunye neebharrs, eziya kubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye zibangele ukuba ukudinwa bubushushu kuqalise.
Isisombululo: Xa ucubungula isikhunta, thintela ukuba amabala emela angashiywa kwirediyasi yeekona zeendawo ezintsonkothileyo. Kwaye susa amaqhekeza emingxunyeni, imiphetho yemisele kunye neengcambu.

3) Ukusila

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, ubushushu bokungqubana kwendawo bunokubangela ngokulula iziphene ezifana nokutsha kunye nokuqhekeka kwaye buvelise uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokuxinana kumphezulu wokusila, okukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwangaphambi kwexesha kwesikhunta. Ukutshiswa okubangelwa kubushushu bokusila kunokuthomalalisa umphezulu wokusila de kwenziwe i-martensite efudumeleyo. Umaleko we-martensite obuthathaka nongaxineneyo uya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokudinwa kobushushu besikhunta. Xa ukunyuka kobushushu bendawo kumphezulu wokusila kudlula i-800℃, kwaye ukupholisa kungonelanga, izinto zomphezulu ziya kuphinda zivuselelwe kwaye zicinywe zibe yi-martensite. Umphezulu wokusila uya kuvelisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesakhiwo. Ukunyuka kobushushu bomphezulu wokusila kuya kuvelisa uxinzelelo lobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, kwaye ukufakwa koxinzelelo lwesakhiwo kunye nobushushu kunokubangela ngokulula ukuqhekeka kokusila kwisikhunta.

4) Umatshini wokulungisa i-Electrospark

Umatshini wokulungisa i-electrospark yindlela yokugqiba ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yanamhlanje yokwenza isikhunta. Xa kuvela ukukhutshwa kwe-spark, ubushushu bendawo obukhawulezileyo budlula i-1000℃, ngoko ke isinyithi kwindawo yokukhupha siyanyibilika size siphele. Kukho umaleko omncinci wesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo nesiqinisiweyo phezu komphezulu womatshini wokulungisa i-electrospark. Kukho ii-microcracks ezininzi kuwo. Olu maleko mncinci wesinyithi lumhlophe oqaqambileyo. Phantsi komthwalo wesikhunta, ezi mingxunya mincinci kulula ukuziphuhlisa zibe zii-macro cracks, nto leyo ebangela ukwaphuka kwangoko kunye nokuguguleka kwesikhunta.
Isisombululo: Emva kweenkqubo ze-EDM, isikhunta siyathomalaliswa ukuze kususwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu bokuthomalalisa akufuneki budlule ubushushu obuphezulu bokuthomalalisa ngaphambi kwe-EDM.

5) Inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu

Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokunyanga ubushushu inokwenza ukuba isikhunta sifumane iimpawu zoomatshini ezifunekayo kwaye siphucule ubomi baso benkonzo. Ukuba uyilo okanye ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu akulunganga kwaye kubangela ukuba isikhunta singaphumeleli, siya konakalisa kakhulu amandla okuthwala isikhunta, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusileleni kwangoko kwaye inciphise ubomi benkonzo. Iziphene zonyango lobushushu ziquka ukutshisa kakhulu, ukutsha kakhulu, ukubola, ukuqhekeka, umaleko wokuqina ongalinganiyo, ubunzima obungonelanga, njl. Emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluqokelelweyo lufikelela kumda onobungozi, kufuneka kwenziwe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa. Ngaphandle koko, isikhunta siya kuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi xa siqhubeka sisetyenziswa.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni

1) Ukufudumeza ii-molds

Isikhunta sinomthamo ophezulu we-alloy element kunye nokuqhuba kakubi kobushushu. Kufuneka sitshiswe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba sisebenze. Ukuba ubushushu besikhunta buphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, amandla aya kuncipha, kwaye ukuguquka kweplastiki kuya kwenzeka ngokulula, okubangela ukuba umphezulu wesikhunta udilike. Xa ubushushu obungaphambi kokufudumala buphantsi kakhulu, ubushushu bomphezulu obukhawulezileyo butshintsha kakhulu xa isikhunta siqala ukusetyenziswa, uxinzelelo lobushushu lukhulu, kwaye kulula ukuqhekeka.
Isisombululo: Ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili kwesikhunta bufunyanwa buyi-250-300℃. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela umahluko wobushushu be-die forging kwaye kuthintele uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lobushushu kumphezulu wesikhunta kodwa kukwanciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguquka kweplastiki kumphezulu wesikhunta.

2) Ukupholisa kunye nokuthambisa isikhunta

Ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo wobushushu besikhunta kwaye kuthintelwe amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, isikhunta sidla ngokunyanzelwa ukuba siphole ngexesha lesikhunta. Ukufudumeza nokuphola rhoqo kwesikhunta kuya kubangela ukuqhekeka kokudinwa kobushushu. Isikhunta kufuneka sipholiswe kancinci emva kokusetyenziswa; kungenjalo, kuya kubakho uxinzelelo lobushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwesikhunta kunye nokungaphumeleli.
Isisombululo: Xa isikhunta sisebenza, i-graphite esekwe emanzini enomxholo we-graphite we-12% ingasetyenziselwa ukuthambisa ukunciphisa amandla okwenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwesinyithi kwindawo engaphakathi kunye nokuthambisa ukukhululwa kwe-forging. Isikhunta se-graphite sikwanayo nefuthe lokusasaza ubushushu, elinokunciphisa ubushushu bokusebenza kwesikhunta.

Ezi zingentla zezona zizathu kunye nezisombululo zokungaphumeleli kwe-hydraulic press mold.Zhengxingumenzi ogxile kwiizixhobo zokushicilela ze-hydraulicUkuba kukho into oyifunayo, nceda unxibelelane nathi.