Lesi sihloko sethula kakhulu izizathu zokwehluleka kweumshini wokucindezela we-hydraulicisikhunta nezixazululo.
1. Izinto zokubumba
Insimbi yesikhunta ingeyensimbi ye-alloy. Kuneziphambeko ezifana nokufakwa okungeyona insimbi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide, ama-pores aphakathi kanye namabala amhlophe esakhiweni sayo, okunciphisa kakhulu amandla, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kokushisa kwesikhunta. Ngokuvamile, ihlukaniswe yaba yizikhunta ezivamile nezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwekhwalithi. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe, izikhunta ezisezingeni eliphezulu zihlanzekile ngekhwalithi, ziyafana ngesakhiwo, zincane ngokuhlukana, futhi zinokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kokukhathala kokushisa.
Isixazululo: Ukwakha izikhunta ezivamile ukuze kuphulwe izinto ezinkulu ezingezona ezensimbi, kuqedwe ukuhlukaniswa kwama-carbide, kuhlungwe ama-carbide, futhi kwenziwe isakhiwo sifane ukuze kufezwe umphumela wezikhunta ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Umklamo wesikhunta
Lapho kuklanywa isikhunta, ubukhulu bangaphandle bemodyuli kufanele bunqunywe ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobukhulu bejometri yengxenye eyakhiwe ukuqinisekisa amandla esikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa nokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta, ngenxa yerediyasi encane yefillet, ingxenye ebanzi yodonga oluncane, umehluko omkhulu wobukhulu bodonga, kanye nendawo engafanele yembobo nesikhala, kulula ukubangela ukugxila ngokweqile kokucindezeleka kanye nokuqala kokuqhekeka. Umklamo wesikhunta kufanele ugweme amakhona abukhali ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izikhundla zembobo nesikhala kufanele zihlelwe ngokufanele.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza
1) Inqubo yokuqamba
Isikhunta siqukethe izakhi eziningi ze-alloy, sinokumelana okukhulu kokuguquguquka ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okubi, kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwe-eutectic. Uma ungalaleli, kuzobangela ukwehluleka kwesikhunta. Kufanele sishiswe ku-800-900℃ bese sishiswa ku-1065-1175℃. Ukuze ususe izinto ezinkulu ezingezona ezensimbi, ususe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide, futhi ucwenge ama-carbide, ukucasula nokudweba kufanele kuphindwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha ngokuhleleka okufanayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa ngemva kokwakha, ukucima imifantu kuvame ukukhiqizwa. Kulula ukukhiqiza imifantu ephambene phakathi nendawo. Ukupholisa kancane ngemvaukwakhiwaingagwema le nkinga.
2) Ukusika
Ubulukhuni bomphezulu benqubo yokusika buthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhathala kokushisa kwesikhunta. Ubulukhuni bomphezulu womgodi wesikhunta buphansi, futhi azikho iziphambeko ezifana namamaki ommese, imihuzuko, kanye nama-burrs, okuzobangela ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi kubangele ukuqhekeka kokukhathala kokushisa.
Isixazululo: Uma ucubungula isikhunta, vimbela ukuthi amamaki ommese angashiywa endaweni ezungeze izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bese ugaya ama-burrs emigodini, emaphethelweni emifantu kanye nasezimpandeni.
3) Ukugaya
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, ukushisa kokungqubuzana kwendawo kungabangela kalula amaphutha njengokusha nokuqhekeka futhi kukhiqize ukucindezeleka okusele kokudonsa ebusweni bokugaya, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesikhunta ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukusha okubangelwa ukushisa kokugaya kunganciphisa ubuso besikhunta kuze kube yilapho kwakheka i-martensite ethambile. Ingqimba ye-martensite ebuthakathaka nengathambile izonciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhathala kokushisa kwesikhunta. Lapho ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo yokugaya kudlula u-800℃, futhi ukupholisa kunganele, izinto ezingaphezulu zizophinde zivuselelwe futhi zicinywe zibe yi-martensite. Ubuso besikhunta buzokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo. Ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo yesikhunta kuzokhiqiza ukucindezeleka kokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, futhi ukufakwa kokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo nokushisa kungabangela kalula ukuqhekeka kokugaya kusikhunta.
4) Umshini wokugaya we-Electrospark
Umshini wokugaya i-electrospark uyindlela yokuqeda ebalulekile enkambisweni yokukhiqiza isikhunta yesimanje. Lapho kuvela ukukhishwa kwenhlansi, izinga lokushisa lendawo elisheshayo lidlula u-1000℃, ngakho-ke insimbi endaweni yokukhipha iyancibilika futhi iphele. Kukhona ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi eqinisiwe ebusweni bomshini wokugaya i-electrospark. Kunemifantu eminingi emincane kuyo. Lolu ngqimba oluncane lwensimbi lumhlophe qwa. Ngaphansi komthwalo wesikhunta, lawa mafantu amancane kulula ukuwakha abe imifantu emikhulu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokuqala kanye nokuguguleka kwesikhunta.
Isixazululo: Ngemva kwezinqubo ze-EDM, isikhunta siyaqiniswa ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa lokulinganisela akumele lidlule izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokulinganisela ngaphambi kwe-EDM.
5) Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa
Inqubo efanele yokwelapha ukushisa ingenza isikhunta sithole izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini futhi sithuthukise impilo yaso yokusebenza. Uma ukwakheka noma ukusebenza kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kungafanele futhi kubangela ukuthi isikhunta sehluleke, kuzolimaza kakhulu amandla okuthwala isikhunta, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwasekuqaleni futhi kufinyeze impilo yesevisi. Amaphutha okwelapha ukushisa afaka ukushisa ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukubola, ukuqhekeka, ungqimba oluqinile olungalingani, ubulukhuni obunganele, njll. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, lapho ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okuqongelelwe kufinyelela umkhawulo oyingozi, kufanele kwenziwe ukukhululeka ekucindezelekeni kanye nokushisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhunta sizoqhekeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi lapho siqhubeka nokusetshenziswa.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta
1) Ukushisa izikhunta
Isikhunta sinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy element kanye nokushisa okubi. Kufanele sishiswe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokusebenza. Uma izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, amandla azoncipha, futhi ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki kuzokwenzeka kalula, okuholela ekuweni kobuso besikhunta. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lobuso elisheshayo lishintsha kakhulu lapho isikhunta siqala ukusetshenziswa, ukucindezeleka kokushisa kukhulu, futhi kulula ukuqhekeka.
Isixazululo: Izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwesikhunta litholakala ukuthi lingu-250-300℃. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa umehluko wokushisa kwe-die forging futhi kugweme ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa ebusweni besikhunta kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki ebusweni besikhunta.
2) Ukupholisa isikhunta kanye nokuthambisa
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wokushisa wesikhunta futhi kugwenywe amazinga okushisa aphezulu, isikhunta sivame ukuphoqeleka ukuba siphole ngesikhathi sesikhunta. Ukushisa nokupholisa isikhunta ngezikhathi ezithile kuzokwenza ukuthi ukukhathala kokushisa kuqhekeke. Isikhunta kufanele sipholiswe kancane ngemva kokusetshenziswa; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzovela ukucindezeleka kokushisa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwesikhunta nokwehluleka.
Isixazululo: Uma isikhunta sisebenza, i-graphite esekwe emanzini enokuqukethwe kwe-graphite okungu-12% ingasetshenziswa ekugcobeni ukuze kuncishiswe amandla okwakha, kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okuvamile kwensimbi emgodini futhi kushelele ukukhululwa kwe-forging. Isikhunta se-graphite sinomphumela wokushabalalisa ukushisa, okunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwesikhunta.
Lokhu okungenhla yizo zonke izizathu nezixazululo zokwehluleka kwesikhunta se-hydraulic press.Zhengxiungumkhiqizi ogxile ku-imishini yokucindezela i-hydraulicUma udinga noma yini, sicela uxhumane nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 24-2024
