1. Gucura ku buntu
Gucukura ku bwisanzure bivuga uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye bikoreshwa muri rusange cyangwa gushyira imbaraga zo hanze ku mwanya uri hagati y’inkombe zo hejuru n’izo hasi z’ibikoresho byo gucukura kugira ngo haboneke ahantu hadakoreshejwe ibikoresho bifite imiterere n’ubwiza bw’imbere.
Gucukura ku buntu ahanini bitanga ibikoresho byo gucukura mu byiciro bito. Ibikoresho byo gucukura nk'inyundo zo gucukura n'imashini zikoresha amazi bikoreshwa mu gukora ahantu hadafite ibikoresho kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa. Gucukura ku buntu bikoresha uburyo bwo gucukura bushyushye.
Uburyo bwo gucura bugizwe n'uburyo bw'ibanze, uburyo bw'inyongera, n'uburyo bwo kurangiza.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gucura bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ubwisanzure ni ugucuragura, gukurura, gukubita, gukata, kuzunguza, guhindura no gucura, n'ibindi. Ariko inzira eshatu zikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu musaruro nyakuri ni ugucuragura, gukurura no gukubita.
Uburyo bw'inyongera: Uburyo bwo guhindura isura mbere yo gucika, nko gukanda umusaya, gukanda impande z'icyuma, gukata urutugu, n'ibindi.
Uburyo bwo kurangiza: inzira yo kugabanya inenge zo hejuru z'ibice bicukurwaho, nko gukuraho ubusumbane no kugena imiterere y'ubuso bw'ibice bicukurwaho.
Akamaro:
(1) Uburyo bwo gucura ni bwiza cyane, bushobora gukora uduce duto turi munsi ya 100kg. Kandi bushobora no gukora uduce turemereye kugeza kuri toni 300.
(2) Ibikoresho bikoreshwa ni ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bikoreshwa muri rusange.
(3) Gutunganya imashini zikoreshwa mu gucura ibintu ni uguhindura icyuho buhoro buhoro mu turere dutandukanye. Kubwibyo, toni y'ibikoresho byo gucura ibintu bikenewe kugira ngo bicurwe imashini imwe ni nto cyane ugereranyije n'imashini zikoreshwa mu gucura ibintu.
(4) Ibisabwa ku bikoresho mu buryo budasobanutse neza.
(5) Igihe cyo gukora ni gito.
Ibibi:
(1) Ubushobozi bwo gukora ni buke cyane ugereranije n'ubwo gukoresha mu gucura ibintu.
(2) Ibyuma bifite imiterere yoroshye, ubuziranenge buke, n'ubuso bugoye.
(3) Abakozi bafite imbaraga nyinshi mu kazi kandi bakeneye urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga.
(4) Ntibyoroshye gukora imashini n'imikorere yazo mu buryo bwikora.
2. Gucura ibyuma
Uburyo bwo gucura bukoreshwa mu gucura bukoresha uburyo bwo gucura bukoreshwa mu gukora uduce duto dufite uduce duto ku bikoresho byihariye byo gucura. Uburyo bwo gucura bukorwa n'ubu buryo ni ingano nyayo, ni nto mu gukoresha imashini, ni imiterere igoye, kandi bufite umusaruro mwinshi.
Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibikoresho byakoreshejwe: gucura ku nyundo, gucura ku mashini ikoresha crank, gucura ku mashini ikoresha friction, nibindi.
Ibyiza:
(1) Umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza. Mu gihe cyo gucura icyuma, imiterere y'icyuma ihinduka mu mwobo w'icyuma, bityo imiterere wifuza ikaboneka vuba.
(2) Ibikoresho bifite imiterere igoye bishobora gucurwa.
(3) Bishobora gutuma icyuma gikwirakwizwa neza kandi bikanoza igihe cy'imikorere y'ibice byacyo.
(4) Ingano y'icyuma gitunganya ibyuma ni nziza kurushaho, ubwiza bw'ubuso ni bwiza kurushaho, kandi amafaranga yo gukoresha mu gutunganya ibyuma ni make.
(5) Zigama ibikoresho by'icyuma kandi ugabanye akazi ko gukata.
(6) Iyo habayeho amatsinda ahagije, igiciro cy'ibice gishobora kugabanuka.
Ibibi:
(1) Uburemere bw'ibikoresho byo gucura ibyuma bugengwa n'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho rusange byo gucura ibyuma, ahanini buri munsi ya kg 7.
(2) Urugendo rwo gukora imashini yo gucura ni rurerure kandi igiciro ni kinini.
(3) Igiciro cy'ishoramari ry'ibikoresho byo gucura ni kinini kurusha ikiguzi cy'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gucura ku buntu.
3. Gucura imizingo
Gucura imigozi bivuga inzira yo gucura aho uduce tubiri tw’ibice bifite ishusho y’umufana dukoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere y’agace k’imbere k’inyuma kugira ngo haboneke icyuma cyifuzwa cyo gucura cyangwa gucura.
Guhindura imigozi ni uguhindura imigozi mu buryo bugoye mu mpande eshatu. Ibintu byinshi byangiritse bigenda mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure kugira ngo byongere uburebure bwa billet, naho igice gito cy'ibikoresho kikagenda mu ruhande kugira ngo cyongere ubugari bwa billet. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imigozi, agace k'umuzi wa billet kagabanuka buri gihe. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imigozi bukoresha ihame ryo gutunganya imigozi kugira ngo buhoro buhoro hahinduke ubusa.
Gucukura imigozi birakwiriye mu mikorere yo guhindura ibintu nko kurekura imigozi, gucukura imigozi, no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure. Gucukura imigozi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora inkoni zihuza, uduce two gucukura imigozi, imigozi, imigozi yo mu muhanda, amasume, amapiki n'ibyuma bya turbine, nibindi.
Ugereranyije n'ubucukuzi busanzwe bw'ibyuma, ubucukuzi bw'imizingo bufite ibyiza byo kuba ibikoresho byoroshye, umusaruro uhamye, urusaku ruto n'ingufu nke, ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye, ndetse n'umusaruro uhagije.
4. Gutunganya amapine
Uburyo bwo gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine ni uburyo bwo gucura ibyuma bukoresha uburyo bwo gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine kugira ngo bukore ubusa, hanyuma bugashyirwa mu ibumba ry'amapine. Ni uburyo bwo gucura ibyuma hagati yo gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine no gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine. Bukoreshwa cyane mu bigo bito n'ibiciriritse bifite ibikoresho bike byo gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine kandi ibyinshi muri byo ni inyundo zo gucura ibyuma biva mu mapine.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibumbano by'amapine bikoreshwa mu gucura ibibumbano by'amapine, kandi ibikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ni type drop, buckle mold, set mold, cushion mold, clamping mold, nibindi.
Indabyo ya silindiri ifunze ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucura inzitiramibu zizunguruka. Urugero, vitesi zifite abayobozi ku mpande zombi rimwe na rimwe zikoreshwa mu gucura inzitiramibu zidahindagurika. Indabyo ya silindiri ifunze ni inzitiramibu idafunze.
Ku bijyanye no gushushanya amapine afite imiterere igoye, ni ngombwa kongeramo ibice bibiri by'ibimera (ni ukuvuga kongeramo ubuso bwo gutandukanya) mu gikoresho cya silindiri kugira ngo hakorwe ikimera cya silindiri gihujwe. Kandi ahantu hadakoreshejwe hakozwe mu mwobo ugizwe n'ibimera bibiri by'ibimera.
Ubusanzwe firime ivanze igizwe n'ibice bibiri, ibishushanyo byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi. Kugira ngo bihuze n'ibice byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi kandi birinde ko ibipimo bihinduka, inkingi z'ubuyobozi n'udupira tw'ubuyobozi bikunze gukoreshwa mu gushyiraho aho ibintu biherereye. Gufunga ibipimo ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukora ibipimo bidahindagurika bifite imiterere igoye, nko guhuza inkoni, gufunga amaforogo, nibindi.
Ugereranyije no gucura ku giti cy'umugozi, gucura ku mapine bifite ibyiza bikurikira:
(1) Kubera ko ahantu hadakoreshejwe ikintu hakozwe mu mwobo w'icyuma, ingano y'icyuma cyo gucukura ni nziza kandi ubuso bwacyo buroroshye cyane.
(2) Ikwirakwizwa ry'uturemangingo tw'umubiri riciriritse rirahagije, bityo ubwiza bwaryo ni bwinshi.
(3) Imashini zikora ku mapine zishobora gukora ku mapine zifite imiterere igoye cyane. Kubera ko imiterere y'imashini igenzurwa n'umwobo w'imashini, ahantu hadakoreshejwe hakorwa vuba. Kandi umusaruro uba munini inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 5 ugereranije n'imashini zikora ku mapine.
(4) Hari uduce duke dusigaye, bityo amafaranga yo gukoresha mu gutunganya ibyuma ni make. Ibi ntibizigama ibikoresho by'icyuma gusa ahubwo binagabanya amasaha y'akazi k'umwuga mu gutunganya ibyuma.
Ibibi:
(1) Hakenewe inyundo yo gucukura ifite toni nini;
(2) Ibikoresho bito byonyine ni byo bishobora gukorwa;
(3) Igihe cyo gukora cy'ipine ni gito;
(4) Muri rusange ni ngombwa kwishingikiriza ku bakozi kugira ngo bakore ibumba ry'ipine mu gihe cy'akazi, bityo imbaraga z'abakozi zikaba nyinshi ugereranyije;
(5) Imashini zikoreshwa mu gukora imashini zikoreshwa mu gucura amapine ziciriritse n'iziciriritse.
Zhengxi ni ikigo kizwi cyaneuruganda rukora imashini zikora ubucuzi mu Bushinwa, gutanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini zicukura, harimo imashini zicukura ku buntu, imashini zicukura,imashini zishyushye zo gucura, imashini zikora ubukonje, n'imashini zishyushya, n'ibindi. Niba hari icyo ukeneye, twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2023
