Uburyo bwo gukamya ifu mu byuma

Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma (Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma, bwitwa PM) ni ikoranabuhanga rya metallurgike aho ifu y'icyuma (cyangwa uruvange rw'ifu y'icyuma n'ifu itari iy'icyuma) ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu gukora ibintu by'icyuma cyangwa ibikoresho binyuze mu gukora, gusya cyangwa gukora ibintu bishyushye. Uburyo bwo gukora metallurgike y'ifu busa n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bya ceramic, bityo abantu bakunze kwita uburyo bwa metallurgike y'ifu "uburyo bwa cermet".
Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ingeri zose z’ubuzima, ibisabwa bitandukanye nko gushushanya byoroheje kandi bito, ibice byinshi bigenda birushaho kugorana, bituma uburyo bwo gushushanya ifu mu byuma buhura n’ibibazo byinshi.
Uko ingano ya PM yiyongera, ibisabwa muri iki gikorwa bizarushaho kuba bikomeye. Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane ku murongo wo gukora ibice by'icyuma cy'ifu, imashini ikora ifu igena ubwiza bw'ifu ivanze kandi ikabangamira iterambere ry'inganda zikora ifu mu Bushinwa. Imashini ikora ifu ikora neza ni imashini ikora ifu ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya electro-hydraulic ratio, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryayo riri mu mwanya ufunze.
Kugeza ubu, inganda nini zikora ifu zikora ibyuma zashyizeho ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora ifu n'imirongo ikora ifu iturutse mu mahanga, ariko gutangiza byonyine ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo mu buryo bw'ibanze. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryigenga ry'ibikoresho bikora ifu bigezweho ni naryo terambere rikomeye mu nganda zikora ifu.

Uburyo bwo gukora ifu y'icyuma
Gutunganya ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukora ibyuma bivamo ifu. Intego yo gukora ni ugukora ikintu gito gifite imiterere, ingano, ubucucike n'imbaraga runaka. Gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwo gukanda ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo gukora.
Uburyo bwo gukaraba ibintu butuma ibintu bicikagurika bufite inzira yoroshye, imikorere myiza cyane, kandi bworoshye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwikora. Ariko, uburyo ubu buryo bukwirakwizamo igitutu kimwe, ku buryo ubucucike bw'icyatsi kibisi butangana, kandi bushobora kwangirika, bigatuma ibintu bigaragara ko bifite inenge.
a. Uburyo ibintu bingana mu gukwirakwiza ubucucike bw'icyuma gifunganye: Kubera ko umubiri w'ifu utembera mu mpande zose nyuma yo gukandamizwa mu cyuma gifunganye, bitera umuvuduko wo ku ruhande ugororotse ku rukuta rw'icyuma gifunganye. Umuvuduko wo ku ruhande utera gukururana, ibyo bikazatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure bw'icyuma gifunganye.
Ingamba zo kunoza: 1) Kugabanya gukururana, gushyira amavuta yo kwisiga ku rukuta rw'imbere cyangwa gukoresha ifuro rifite urukuta rw'imbere rworoshye;
2) Gukanda hakoreshejwe inzira ebyiri bikoreshwa mu kunoza ubusumbane bw'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibice by'icyatsi kibisi;
3) Gerageza kugabanya uburebure n'umurambararo w'igipimo mu gihe ushushanya ibumba.
b. Gukuraho ubusugire: bitewe no kwaguka kw'ibumba ry'ingore mu gihe cyo gukanda, iyo igitutu kivanyweho, ibumba rito ribuza ibumba ry'ingore gukanda, kandi ibumba rito rishyirwa mu gitutu cya radial, bigatuma ibumba rito ribona umuvuduko wo gukanda mu buryo busubira inyuma mu gihe cyo gukuraho. Hari ahantu hatoroshye kuri ibumba rito rishobora kwangirika bitewe n'umuvuduko wo gukanda wavuzwe haruguru.
Ingamba zo kunoza: Ku bijyanye n'imiterere, ibice bigomba kwirinda imiyoboro y'inkuta nto, ndende kandi nto, impande zisongoye, imitwe mito n'igufi n'indi miterere uko bishoboka kose.
Dukurikije ingingo ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, ibisobanuro by’incamake ku ngaruka z’ikintu kimwe mu igenzura ry’ibumba ku bwiza bw’umusaruro, ariko mu bikorwa bifatika, ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw’umusaruro birahuriweho. Mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi, byagaragaye ko ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’umusaruro icyarimwe ari ibi bikurikira:
1. Ingaruka zo gukora igitutu ku bwiza bwa billet: imbaraga zo gukanda zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bucucike. Igabanuka ry'igitutu rihari ritera gutandukana no gukururwa mu gihe cyo gukanda, kandi imitumba iba ku ruhande rw'aho igice cy'icyuma gifatanye giherereye nyuma yo gukanda.
2. Ingaruka zo gukanda umuvuduko ku bwiza bw'icyuma gifunganye: Mu gihe cyo gukanda ifu, umuvuduko wo gukanda ugira ingaruka ku mwuka usohoka mu mwenge uri hagati y'ifu, kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bucucike bufunganye. Itandukaniro ry'ubucucike bw'icyuma gifunganye ni rinini. Uko byoroha gutera imitumba.
3. Ingaruka zo gufata igihe ku bwiza bw'icyuma gifunganye: Mu gihe cyo gukanda, hagomba kubaho igihe gikwiye cyo gufata munsi y'umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukanda, bishobora kongera cyane ubucucike bw'icyuma gifunganye.

Ibikoresho byo gushushanya by’ifu byikora byikora bishya byakozwe na Chengdu Zhengxi Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. byakozwe nk'ibikoresho bishya byo mu gihugu bihuza ibyiza by'imashini zicapa na CNC servo hydraulic printer.
Ishingiro ry’ibikoresho rigizwe n’imashini zikora ibikoresho bishobora kugenzura neza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa n’umuvuduko wujuje ibisabwa. Hashingiwe ku guhaza umuvuduko uhoraho, hongerwaho uburyo bwo gukanda buhamye bw’imashini, butashobora gukoreshwa nk'umupaka gusa ahubwo bushobora no gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gukanda buhamye. Uburinzi bw’ibyiciro bibiri bwo gukanda no gukanda butuma umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza kandi ukanarushaho kumera neza.

Madamu Serafina

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