Kaʻina Hana Sila ma ka Hana ʻana i nā Kaʻa

Ua kapa ʻia nā kaʻa he "mīkini i hoʻololi i ke ao nei." Ma muli o ka pilina ʻoihana ikaika o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o ka pae hoʻomohala waiwai o kahi ʻāina. ʻEhā mau kaʻina hana nui i nā kaʻa, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana sila ka mea nui loa o nā kaʻina hana nui ʻehā. A ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka mua o nā kaʻina hana nui ʻehā.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e hōʻike mākou i ke kaʻina hana stamping i ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa.

Papa Kuhikuhi:

1. He aha ka Stamping?
2. Ka make ʻana o ka stamping
3. Nā Lako Hana Hoʻopaʻa
4. Mea Hoʻopaʻa
5. Ana

1. He aha ka Sila?

1) Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hōʻailona

ʻO ke kāpili ʻana he ʻano hana hana e hoʻopili ana i ka ikaika o waho i nā papa, nā ʻāpana, nā paipu, a me nā ʻaoʻao e nā mīkini paʻi a me nā ʻōmole e hana i ka deformation plastic a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana hana (nā ʻāpana kāpili) o ke ʻano a me ka nui e pono ai. ʻO ke kāpili ʻana a me ka forging no ka hana plastik (a i ʻole ka hana kaomi). ʻO nā blanks no ke kāpili ʻana he mau pepa kila a me nā ʻāpana i ʻōwili wela ʻia a ʻōwili anu ʻia. Ma waena o nā huahana kila ma ka honua, 60-70% he mau papa, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i kāpili ʻia i loko o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.

Ua paʻi ʻia ke kino, ke chassis, ka pahu wahie, nā ʻēheu radiator o ke kaʻa, ka pahu mahu o ka paila, ka pūpū o ka pahu, ka pepa kila silicon hao o ka motika a me nā mīkini uila, a pēlā aku. Nui nō hoʻi nā ʻāpana paʻi i nā huahana e like me nā mea kani a me nā mika, nā mīkini hale, nā paikikala, nā mīkini keʻena, a me nā lako ola.

2) Nā ʻano hana hoʻopaʻa

• ʻO ke kāpili ʻana he ʻano hana me ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa.
• He kūpono ke kaʻina hana sila no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui o nā ʻāpana a me nā huahana, kahi maʻalahi e hoʻomaopopo i ka mīkini a me ka automation, a he kiʻekiʻe ka pono hana. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana sila ke hoʻoikaika wale e hoʻokō i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻōpala akā inā he mau koena i kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana piha ʻia.
• He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai e ka mea hoʻohana.
• ʻAʻole pono e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia a he kiʻekiʻe ka pololei o ke ana.
• He maikaʻi ke hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻāpana sila. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ke kaʻina hana sila, a hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia ka pūʻulu like o nā ʻāpana sila me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu a me ka hana huahana.
• ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻāpana stamping i hana ʻia me ka pepa metala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko lākou ʻili, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā kūlana kūpono no nā kaʻina hana mālama ʻili ma hope (e like me ka electroplating a me ka pena ʻana).
• Hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a me ka māmā.
• He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke kāpili ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hana nui ʻia me nā ʻōmole.
• Hiki i ke kāpili ʻana ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano paʻakikī e paʻakikī ke hana ʻia e nā ʻano hana metala ʻē aʻe.

3) Kaʻina hana sila

(1) Ke kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale:

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pepa ma kahi laina contour ma lalo o ka hana a ka mana o waho e loaʻa ai nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā huahana semi-hoʻopau me kahi ʻano, ka nui, a me ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki.
Kūlana hoʻokaʻawale: ʻOi aku ke koʻikoʻi i loko o ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia ma mua o ka palena ikaika σb.

a. Hoʻopalaha: E hoʻohana i kahi dice e ʻoki ma kahi piʻo pani ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻāpana i kuʻi ʻia he ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana pālahalaha o nā ʻano like ʻole.
b. Kuʻi ʻana: E hoʻohana i kahi die e kuʻi ma kahi piʻo pani, a he ʻōpala ka ʻāpana i kuʻi ʻia. Aia kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka kuʻi maikaʻi, ka kuʻi ʻaoʻao, a me ke kuʻi kau ʻana.
c. ʻOki ʻana: ʻOki ʻana a ʻokiʻoki ʻana paha i nā kihi o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i kekahi ʻano.
d. Hoʻokaʻawale: E hoʻohana i kahi die e kuʻi ma kahi piʻo i pani ʻole ʻia e hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale. Ke hoʻokumu pū ʻia nā ʻāpana hema a me ka ʻākau, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale.

(2) Ke kaʻina hana hoʻokumu:

Hoʻololi ʻia ka blank me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana e loaʻa ai nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā huahana semi-hoʻopau ʻia o kekahi ʻano a me ka nui.
Nā kūlana hoʻokumu: ikaika hua σS

a. Ke kaha kiʻi ʻana: Ke hana ʻana i ka pepa hakahaka i nā ʻāpana hakahaka like ʻole.
b. Flange: Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lihi o ka pepa a i ʻole ka huahana semi-hoʻopau i loko o kahi lihi kū pololei ma kahi piʻo e like me kekahi curvature.
c. Hoʻoponopono ʻana: He ʻano hana hoʻoponopono i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia a i ʻole e loaʻa ai kahi radius fillet liʻiliʻi.
d. Hoʻohuli ʻana: Hana ʻia kahi lihi kū ma luna o kahi pepa i puka mua ʻia a i ʻole ka huahana hapa-hoʻopau a i ʻole ma kahi pepa i puka ʻole ʻia.
e. Kulou ʻana: ʻO ke kulou ʻana i ka pepa i nā ʻano like ʻole ma kahi laina pololei hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano paʻakikī loa.

2. Ka make ʻana o ka stamping

1) Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka make

Wahi a ke kumu hana, hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia i: ka make kaha kiʻi, ka make ʻokiʻoki punching, a me ka make hoʻopili flanging.

2) Ke ʻano kumu o ka ʻōmole

ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka make punching me nā make o luna a me lalo (make convex a me concave).

3) Hoʻonohonoho ʻana:

ʻĀpana hana
Ke alakaʻi ʻana
Ke kūlana ʻana
Ke kaupalena nei
ʻElemene elastic
Ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana

3. Nā Lako Hana Sila

1) Mīkini Paʻi

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka moena, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mīkini paʻi i ʻelua ʻano: nā mīkini paʻi hāmama a me nā mīkini paʻi pani.

Ua hāmama ka mīkini paʻi hāmama ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, ʻo ka moenaʻAno C, a ʻilihune ka paʻakikī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā mīkini paʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua wehe ʻia ke kaomi pani ma ke alo a ma hope, ua pani ʻia ka moena, a maikaʻi ka paʻakikī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā mīkini paʻi nui a me waena.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ka slider hoʻokele, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mīkini paʻi i ka mīkini paʻi a mekaomi hydraulic.

2) Ka laina wehe ʻana

Mīkini ʻokiʻoki

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mīkini ʻokiʻoki e ʻoki i nā kihi pololei o nā ʻano pepa metala like ʻole. He mechanical a me hydraulic nā ʻano hoʻoili.

4. KūMea hana mping

He mea nui ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāpana a me ke ola o ka make. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻaʻole wale ke kila haʻahaʻa-kalapona akā ʻo ke kila kila, ka alumini a me ka alumini hui pū ʻia, ke keleawe a me ke keleawe hui pū ʻia, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka papa kila ka mea maka i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa no ke kahakaha ʻana i nā kaʻa. I kēia manawa, me ke koi no nā kino kaʻa māmā, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hou e like me nā papa kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā papa kila sandwich i nā kino kaʻa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka papa kila

Wahi a ka mānoanoa: papa mānoanoa (ma luna o 4mm), papa waena (3-4mm), papa lahilahi (ma lalo o 3mm). ʻO nā ʻāpana hehi kino kaʻa he mau papa lahilahi ia.
Wahi a ke kūlana ʻōwili: papa kila ʻōwili wela, papa kila ʻōwili anu.
ʻO ka ʻōwili wela ka palupalu ʻana i ka mea ma kahi mahana ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mahana recrystallization o ka alloy. A laila e kaomi i ka mea i loko o kahi pepa lahilahi a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana keʻa o kahi billet me kahi huila kaomi, i mea e hoʻololi ai ke ʻano o ka mea, akā ʻaʻole i loli nā ʻano kino o ka mea. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka laumania o ka ʻili o nā papa i ʻōwili wela ʻia, a he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai. He ʻinoʻino ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili wela a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōwili i ke kila lahilahi loa.

ʻO ka ʻōwili anu ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻōwili hou ʻana i ka mea me kahi huila kaomi ma kahi mahana haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana recrystallization o ka alloy e ʻae i ka mea e recrystallize ma hope o ka ʻōwili wela, depitting, a me nā kaʻina hana oxidation. Ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana i ke kaomi anu-recrystallization-annealing-kaomi anu (hana hou ʻia 2 a 3 mau manawa), loli ka pae molekala o ka metala i loko o ka mea (recrystallization), a loli nā ʻano kino o ka alloy i hana ʻia. No laila, maikaʻi kona ʻano o ka ʻili, kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻopau ʻana, kiʻekiʻe ka pololei o ka nui o ka huahana, a hiki i ka hana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka huahana ke hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi kūikawā no ka hoʻohana ʻana.

ʻO nā papa kila ʻōwili anu ka mea nui e komo pū me nā papa kila kalapona ʻōwili anu, nā papa kila haʻahaʻa kalapona ʻōwili anu, nā papa kila ʻōwili anu no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, nā papa kila ʻōwili anu ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku.

5. Ana

ʻO ke ana he mea nānā kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia e ana a loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka dimensional o nā ʻāpana.
I ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa, ʻaʻohe mea no nā ʻāpana stamping nui, nā ʻāpana o loko, nā ʻāpana wili me ka geometry spatial paʻakikī, a i ʻole no nā ʻāpana stamping liʻiliʻi maʻalahi, nā ʻāpana o loko, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea nānā kūikawā ma ke ʻano he ala ʻike nui, i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ma waena o nā kaʻina hana.

Loaʻa i ka ʻike ʻana i ke anawaena nā pono o ka wikiwiki, ka pololei, ka naʻauao, ka maʻalahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a kūpono loa ia no nā pono o ka hana nui ʻana.

ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana o nā ana:

① ʻŌpū iwi a me ke kumu
② ʻĀpana kino
③ Nā ʻāpana hana (nā ʻāpana hana e komo pū ana me: ka ʻūlū wikiwiki, ka pine hoʻonoho, ka pine ʻike, ka slider hakahaka hoʻoneʻe, ka papa ana, ka papa hoʻopaʻa ʻaoʻao, a pēlā aku).

ʻO ia wale nō ka mea e pono ai ke ʻike e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana sila i ka hana kaʻa. He loea ʻo Zhengximea hana o nā mīkini paʻi hydraulic, e hoʻolako ana i nā lako hana sila ʻoihana, e like menā mīkini kaomi hydraulic kaha kiʻi hohonuEia kekahi, hoʻolako mākounā mīkini kaomi hydraulic no nā ʻāpana kūloko o ke kaʻaInā he mau pono kāu, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.