Kua karangatia ngā motuka ko ngā "mīhini i whakarerekē i te ao." Nā te mea he hononga kaha ā-ahumahi te umanga motuka, e kiia ana he tohu nui mō te taumata whanaketanga ōhanga o tētahi whenua. E whā ngā tukanga nui i roto i ngā motuka, ā, ko te tukanga tā te mea nui rawa atu o ngā tukanga nui e whā. Ā, koia hoki te tuatahi o ngā tukanga nui e whā.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamāramahia e mātou te tukanga tā i roto i te hanga waka.
Rārangi Kaupapa:
- He aha te Tāmitanga?
- Mate Tā
- Taputapu Tā
- Rauemi Tā
- Ine
1. He aha te Tānga?
1) Te whakamāramatanga o te tā
Ko te tānga he tikanga tukatuka hanga e whakamahi ana i te kaha o waho ki ngā pereti, ngā rīpene, ngā paipa, me ngā kōtaha mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini perehi me ngā pokepoke hei whakaputa i te āhua kirihou, hei wehewehe rānei, kia puta ai ngā wahi mahi (ngā wāhanga tānga) o te āhua me te rahi e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tānga me te hanga he mea tukatuka kirihou (he tukatuka pēhanga rānei). Ko ngā mea papatahi mō te tānga he pepa me ngā rīpene maitai hurihuri-wera me te hurihuri-matao. I roto i ngā hua maitai o te ao, 60-70% he pereti, ko te nuinga o ēnei ka tāngahia ki ngā hua kua oti.
Kua tāia katoatia te tinana, te anga, te tāke wahie, ngā tara o te pūwhakamahana o te motuka, te pahu mamaoa o te pōro, te anga o te ipu, te matua rino o te pepa maitai silicon o te motuka me ngā taputapu hiko, me ētahi atu. He nui hoki ngā wāhanga tā i roto i ngā hua pēnei i ngā taputapu me ngā mita, ngā taputapu o te whare, ngā pahikara, ngā mīhini tari, me ngā taputapu noho.
2) Ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga tā
- He tikanga tukatuka te tānga, he nui te whai huatanga o te whakaputa me te iti o te whakamahinga rauemi.
- He pai te tukanga tā mo te whakaputa i ngā puranga nui o ngā wāhanga me ngā hua, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi mīhini me te aunoa, ā, he tino pai te whakaputa. I taua wā anō, ehara i te mea ka taea e te whakaputa tā te whakaiti i te para me te kore para anake, engari ahakoa he toenga i ētahi wā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi katoa.
- He watea te tukanga whakahaere. Kāore e hiahiatia he taumata tiketike o te pūkenga e te kaiwhakahaere.
- Ko ngā wāhanga kua tāia, kāore e hiahiatia kia mīhinihia, ā, he tino tika hoki ngā āhuatanga.
- He pai te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā wāhanga tā. He pai te pumau o te tukanga tā, ā, ka taea te whakamahi tauwhitiwhiti i te puranga wāhanga tā kotahi, me te kore e pā ki te mahi a te huihuinga me te hua.
- Nā te mea he mea hanga ngā wāhanga tā ki te pepa whakarewa, he pai ake te kounga o te mata, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā tukanga maimoatanga mata e whai ake nei (pēnei i te whakakikorua hiko me te peita).
- Mā te tukatuka tā ka taea te whiwhi i ngā wāhanga he kaha teitei, he pakari teitei, he mama hoki.
- He iti te utu mō te tā i ngā wāhanga i hangaia papatipu ki ngā pokepokea.
- Ka taea e te tā te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga he uaua ki te tukatuka mā ētahi atu tikanga tukatuka whakarewa.
3) Te tukanga tā
(1) Te tukanga wehewehe:
Ka wehea te pepa i runga i tētahi rārangi āhua i raro i te mahi a te kaha o waho kia puta ai ngā hua kua oti me ngā hua haurua-oti me tētahi āhua, rahi, me te kounga tapahi.
Āhua wehenga: Ko te ahotea i roto i te rauemi kua whakapēhia kua hipa ake i te rohe kaha σb.
a. Te Whakatakoto: Whakamahia he mata hei tapahi i te piko kua kati, ā, ko te wāhanga kua pokaia he wāhanga. Whakamahia hei hanga i ngā wāhanga papatahi o ngā āhua rerekē.
b. Te Wero: Whakamahia he mata hei wero i te piko kua kati, ā, ka waiho hei para te wāhanga kua werohia. He maha ngā momo pēnei i te wero pai, te wero taha, me te wero whakairi.
c. Te kuti: Te kuti, te tapahi rānei i ngā taha o ngā wāhanga kua hangaia ki tētahi āhua kua whakaritea.
d. Wehewehenga: Whakamahia he mata hei wero i te piko kāore i kati hei whakaputa wehenga. Ina hangaia ngā wāhanga maui me ngā wāhanga matau kia kotahi, ka nui ake te whakamahinga o te tukanga wehenga.
(2) Te tukanga hanga:
Ka whakapēhia te āhua o te mea parakore ki te kirihou, me te kore e whati hei whiwhi i ngā hua kua oti me ngā hua haurua-oti o tētahi āhua me tētahi rahi.
Ngā āhuatanga hanga: te kaha hua σS
a. Te tuhi: Te hanga i te pepa pātea hei wāhanga tuwhera tuwhera.
b. Flange: Ka hangaia te taha o te pepa, te hua haurua-oti rānei hei taha poutū i te taha o tētahi kōpiko e ai ki tētahi piko.
c. Te Hanga: He tikanga hanga hei whakapai ake i te tika o ngā āhuatanga o ngā wāhanga kua hangaia, hei whiwhi rānei i te radius iti o te porowhita.
d. Hurihuri: Ka hangaia he taha tū ki runga i tētahi pepa kua pokaia kētia, i tētahi hua kua oti-haurua rānei, i runga rānei i tētahi pepa kāore anō kia pokaia.
e. Piko: Mā te piko i te pepa kia puta he āhua rerekē i te rārangi tika ka taea te tukatuka i ngā wāhanga he tino uaua ngā āhua.
2. Mate Tā
1) Te whakarōpūtanga o te mate
E ai ki te mātāpono mahi, ka taea te wehewehe ki: te mate tuhi, te mate kuti me te mate hanga flanging.
2) Te hanganga taketake o te pokepokea ai
Ko te mate wero he mea tito i ngā mate o runga me ngā mate o raro (mate kōpiko me te mate kōpiko).
3) Te Hanganga:
Wāhanga mahi
Te ārahi
Te tūnga
Te whakawhāiti
Huānga rapa
Te hiki me te huri
3. Taputapu Tā
1) Mīhini Pēhi
E ai ki te hanganga o te moenga, e rua ngā momo mīhini pēhi: ngā mīhini pēhi tuwhera me ngā mīhini pēhi kati.
E toru ngā taha o te pēhi tuwhera, ko te moengaĀhua-C, ā, he ngoikore te pakari. E whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mīhini perehi iti. He tuwhera te mīhini perehi kati i mua, i muri hoki, he kati te moenga, ā, he pai te pakari. E whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mīhini perehi nui me te rahi waenga.
E ai ki te momo kaha retireti taraiwa, ka taea te wehewehe i te perehi ki te perehi miihini me te perehipēhi waipēhi.
2) Raina wetewete
Mīhini kutikuti
Ko te mīhini kutikuti te mea e whakamahia ana mō te tapahi i ngā taha tika o ngā rau whakarewa rerekē te rahi. He ā-mīhini, he ā-waipēhi hoki ngā momo tuku.
4. TūRauemi Whakamahi
He mea nui te rauemi tā e pā ana ki te kounga o te wāhanga me te roa o te ora o te mate. I tēnei wā, ehara i te mea ko te rino waro-iti anake ngā rauemi ka taea te tā, engari ko te rino kore waikura, te konumohe me te koranu konumohe, te parahi me te koranu parahi, me ētahi atu.
Ko te pereti rino te rauemi mata e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā mō te tā i ngā waka. I tēnei wā, nā te hiahia mō ngā tinana waka mama, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hou pērā i ngā pereti rino kaha-teitei me ngā pereti rino hanawiti i roto i ngā tinana waka.
Whakarōpūtanga pereti maitai
E ai ki te matotoru: pereti matotoru (neke atu i te 4mm), pereti waenga (3-4mm), pereti angiangi (kei raro iho i te 3mm). Ko ngā wāhanga tā mo te tinana waka he pereti angiangi te nuinga.
E ai ki te āhua hurihuri: pereti maitai hurihuri wera, pereti maitai hurihuri matao.
Ko te huri wera he whakangawari i te rauemi i te pāmahana teitei ake i te pāmahana whakakōkī anō o te koranu. Kātahi ka pēhia te rauemi ki roto i tētahi pepa angiangi, ki tētahi wāhanga whakawhiti rānei o te pereki me te wira pēhanga, kia rerekē ai te āhua o te rauemi, engari kāore anō kia rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te rauemi. He ngoikore te pakari me te maeneene o te mata o ngā pereti huri wera, ā, he iti te utu. He taratara te tukanga huri wera, ā, kāore e taea te huri i te maitai angiangi rawa.
Ko te hurihuri makariri he tukanga hurihuri anō i te rauemi mā te whakamahi i tētahi wira pēhanga i te pāmahana iti iho i te pāmahana whakahou-whakakirikiri o te koranu kia taea ai e te rauemi te whakahou-whakakirikiri i muri i ngā tukanga hurihuri wera, tango-waha, me te waikura. Whai muri i te pēhi makariri-whakakirikiri-whakamahana-pēhi makariri (kia 2 ki te 3 ngā wā e whakahokia ana), ka rerekē te taumata ngota o te konganuku i roto i te rauemi (whakakirikiri anō), ā, ka rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te koranu i hangaia. Nō reira, he pai te kounga o tōna mata, he teitei te whakaotinga, he teitei te tika o te rahi o te hua, ā, ka taea e te mahi me te whakaritenga o te hua te whakatutuki i ētahi whakaritenga motuhake mō te whakamahinga.
Ko ngā pereti maitai hurihuri-makariri ko ngā pereti maitai waro hurihuri-makariri, ngā pereti maitai waro-iti hurihuri-makariri, ngā pereti maitai hurihuri-makariri mō te tā, ngā pereti maitai hurihuri-makariri kaha-teitei, me ētahi atu.
5. Ine
He taputapu tirotiro motuhake te ine e whakamahia ana hei ine me te aromatawai i te kounga o ngā waahanga.
I roto i te hanga waka, ahakoa ngā wāhanga tā nui, ngā wāhanga o roto, ngā huihuinga whakarewa me te āhua ā-wāhi uaua, ngā wāhanga tā iti māmā, ngā wāhanga o roto, me ētahi atu, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taputapu tirotiro motuhake hei huarahi matua ki te kimi, hei whakahaere i te kounga o te hua i waenga i ngā tukanga.
He tere, he tika, he mārama, he ngāwari te kite i ngā inenga, ā, he tino pai mō ngā hiahia whakaputa papatipu.
E toru ngā wāhanga o ngā ine:
① Angaanga me te wāhanga turanga
② Wāhanga tinana
③ Ngā wāhanga mahi (ngā wāhanga mahi ko: te tītaha tere, te pine tūnga, te pine kimi, te reti āputa neke, te tēpu ine, te pereti whakapiri kōtaha, me ētahi atu).
Koinā anake ngā mea hei mōhio māu mō te tukanga tā i roto i te hanga waka. He tohunga a Zhengxikaihanga o ngā mīhini pēhi waipēhi, e whakarato ana i ngā taputapu tānga ngaio, pērā ingā mīhini waipēhi hōhonu. Hei tāpiri, ka tukuna e mātoungā mīhini perehi waipēhi mō ngā wāhanga o roto o te motukaMena he hiahia āu, tēnā whakapā mai.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-06-2023
