Inkqubo yokuStamp kwiMveliso yeeMoto

Iimoto ziye zabizwa ngokuba “ziimatshini ezitshintshe ihlabathi.” Ngenxa yokuba ishishini leemoto linolwalamano oluqinileyo lwemizi-mveliso, lithathwa njengophawu olubalulekileyo lwenqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe. Kukho iinkqubo ezine eziphambili kwiimoto, kwaye inkqubo yokunyathela yeyona ibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezine eziphambili. Kwaye ikwayeyokuqala kwiinkqubo ezine eziphambili.

Kule nqaku, siza kugxininisa inkqubo yokunyathela kwimveliso yeemoto.

Uluhlu Lomxholo:

1. Yintoni iStamping?
2. Idayi yokunyathela
3. Izixhobo zokunyathela
4. Izinto zokunyathela
5. Igeyiji

1. Yintoni ukuStampa?

1) Inkcazo yokunyathela

Ukustampa yindlela yokucubungula ukwakheka esebenzisa amandla angaphandle kwiipleyiti, imicu, iipayipi, kunye neeprofayili ngokucindezela kunye neemolds ukuze kubangele ukuguquka okanye ukwahlulwa kweplastiki ukuze kufunyanwe izinto zokusebenza (iindawo zokustampa) zesimo nobukhulu obufunekayo. Ukustampa kunye nokubumba zezokucubungula iplastiki (okanye ukucubungula uxinzelelo). Izikhewu zokustampa ikakhulu ziishethi zentsimbi ezigoqwe ngobushushu kunye nezigoqwe ngobandayo. Phakathi kweemveliso zentsimbi ehlabathini, ama-60-70% ziipleyiti, uninzi lwazo zigoqwe kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo.

Umzimba, itshasi, itanki yepetroli, amaphiko eradiator yemoto, idrama yomphunga yebhoyila, iqokobhe lesikhongozeli, ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon engundoqo yemoto kunye nezixhobo zombane, njl.njl. zonke zigximfizwe. Kukwakho nenani elikhulu leendawo zokuxima kwiimveliso ezifana nezixhobo kunye neemitha, izixhobo zasekhaya, iibhayisekile, oomatshini beofisi, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlala.

2) Iimpawu zenkqubo yokunyathela

• Ukustampa yindlela yokucubungula esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwimveliso kwaye isetyenziswa kancinci.
• Inkqubo yokustampa ifanelekile kwimveliso yeenxalenye ezinkulu kunye neemveliso, okulula ukuyiqonda ngoomatshini kunye nokuzisebenzela, kwaye inokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, imveliso yokustampa ayinakuzama nje kuphela ukufezekisa inkunkuma encinci kwaye kungabikho nkunkuma, kodwa nokuba kukho intsalela kwezinye iimeko, ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
• Inkqubo yokusebenza ilula. Akukho buchule buphezulu obufunekayo kumqhubi.
• Iindawo ezifakwe isitampu azidingi kulungiswa ngomatshini kwaye zichaneke kakhulu.
• Izixhobo zokustampa zinokutshintshana kakuhle. Inkqubo yokustampa izinzile kakuhle, kwaye iqela elifanayo lezixhobo zokustampa lingasetyenziswa ngokutshintshana ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukuhlanganiswa nokusebenza kwemveliso.
• Ekubeni iindawo zokunyathela zenziwe ngesinyithi, umgangatho wazo womphezulu ungcono, nto leyo ebonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyango lomphezulu ezilandelayo (ezifana nokufaka i-electroplating kunye nokupeyinta).
• Ukucutshungulwa kwesitampu kunokufumana iindawo ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokukhanya okuncinci.
• Ixabiso lokunyathela iindawo eziveliswa ngobuninzi ngeenkuni liphantsi.
• Ukunyathela kunokuvelisa iindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo ezinzima ukucutshungulwa ngezinye iindlela zokucubungula isinyithi.

3) Inkqubo yokunyathela

(1) Inkqubo yokwahlukanisa:

Iphepha lahlulwe kumgca othile wekhonto phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle ukuze kufunyanwe iimveliso ezigqityiweyo nezingekagqitywanga ezinemilo ethile, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho oqingqiweyo.
Imeko yokwahlulwa: Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwezinto ezikhubazekileyo ludlula umda wamandla σb.

a. Ukuvala isithuba: Sebenzisa idayisi ukusika ecaleni kwegophe elivaliweyo, kwaye inxalenye ebhoboziweyo yinxalenye. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezithe tyaba zeemilo ezahlukeneyo.
b. Ukubetha: Sebenzisa idayisi ukubhoboza ecaleni kwegophe elivaliweyo, kwaye inxalenye ebhoboziweyo ayisebenzi. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokubetha kakuhle, ukubetha ecaleni, kunye nokubetha ngokuxhoma.
c. Ukusika: Ukusika okanye ukusika imiphetho yeenxalenye ezenziweyo ukuze zibe yimo ethile.
d. Ukwahlula: Sebenzisa idayisi ukubhoboza ecaleni kwegophe elingavalwanga ukuvelisa ukwahlukana. Xa iindawo zasekhohlo nezasekunene zenziwe kunye, inkqubo yokwahlula isetyenziswa ngakumbi.

(2) Inkqubo yokuyila:

Isithuba esingenanto siguquguquka ngeplastiki ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ukuze kufunyanwe iimveliso ezigqityiweyo nezingagqitywanga ngokupheleleyo zemilo nobukhulu obuthile.
Iimeko zokwenziwa: amandla okuvelisa isivuno σS

a. Umzobo: Ukwenza iphepha elingenanto libe ziinxalenye ezahlukeneyo ezivulekileyo nezingenanto.
b. Iflengi: Umphetho wephepha okanye imveliso egqityiweyo yenziwe ibe ngumphetho othe nkqo ecaleni kwegophe elithile ngokwegophe elithile.
c. Ukubumba: Indlela yokwenza esetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu beendawo ezibunjiweyo okanye ukufumana i-fillet radius encinci.
d. Ukujika: Umphetho omiyo wenziwa kwiphepha elibethwe kwangaphambili okanye kwimveliso egqityiweyo okanye kwiphepha elingabethwanga.
e. Ukugoba: Ukugoba iphepha libe ziimo ezahlukeneyo kumgca othe tye kunokucubungula iindawo ezineemo ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu.

2. Idayi yokunyathela

1) Udidi lweedayi

Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe: i-die yokuzoba, i-trimming punching die, kunye ne-flanging shaping die.

2) Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwesikhunta

I-punching die idla ngokwenziwa zii-die eziphezulu nezisezantsi (i-convex kunye ne-concave die).

3) Ulwakhiwo:

Icandelo lokusebenza
Isikhokelo
Indawo yokuma
Ukukhawulela
Into ethambileyo
Ukuphakamisa nokujika

3. Izixhobo zokunyathela

1) Umatshini wokucinezela

Ngokwesakhiwo sebhedi, oomatshini bokushicilela banokwahlulwahlulwa babe ziintlobo ezimbini: oomatshini bokushicilela abavulekileyo nabavaliweyo.

I-open press ivuliwe kumacala amathathu, ibhedi ivuliweImile okwe-C, kwaye ukuqina kwayo akukuhle. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipress ezincinci. Ipress evaliweyo ivuliwe ngaphambili nangasemva, ibhedi ivaliwe, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kulungile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipress ezinkulu neziphakathi.

Ngokohlobo lwamandla esilayida sokuqhuba, i-press ingahlulwa ibe yi-mechanical press kunyeumatshini wokushicilela we-hydraulic.

2) Umgca wokuvula

Umatshini wokucheba

Umatshini wokucheba usetyenziswa kakhulu ukusika imiphetho ethe tye yeeshiti zesinyithi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Iifom zothumelo zezoomatshini kunye ne-hydraulic.

4. I-StaIzixhobo zokuguqula

Izinto zokunyathela zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho wenxalenye kunye nobomi bokufa. Okwangoku, izinto ezinokunyathela azikho nje kuphela kwintsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi kodwa nakwintsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy, i-copper kunye ne-copper alloy, njl.

Ipleyiti yentsimbi okwangoku yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheliseni iimoto. Okwangoku, ngenxa yemfuneko yeemoto ezikhaphukhaphu, izinto ezintsha ezifana neepleyiti zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi yesandwich ziyanda ukusetyenziswa kwiimoto.

Ulwahlulo lwepleyiti yentsimbi

Ngokwesilinganiselo sobukhulu: ipleyiti etyebileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-4mm), ipleyiti ephakathi (3-4mm), ipleyiti ebhityileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-3mm). Iindawo zokunyathela umzimba ngokuzenzekelayo ziipleyiti ezibhityileyo.
Ngokwemeko yokuqengqeleka: ipleyiti yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu, ipleyiti yentsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo.
Ukuqengqeleka okushushu kukwenza izinto zibe thambile kubushushu obuphezulu kunobushushu bokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwi-alloy. Emva koko cinezela izinto zibe yiphepha elincinci okanye kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo le-billet enevili loxinzelelo, ukuze izinto ziguquguquke, kodwa iipropati zomzimba zezinto azitshintshi. Ukuqina kunye nokuthamba komphezulu weepleyiti eziqengqeleka ngobushushu azilunganga, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ngobushushu irhabaxa kwaye ayinakuqengqeleka ngentsimbi ebhityileyo kakhulu.

Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka ngakumbi izinto ngevili loxinzelelo kubushushu obuphantsi kunobushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ze-alloy ukuvumela izinto ukuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe emva kweenkqubo zokuqengqeleka okushushu, ukukhupha, kunye ne-oxidation. Emva kokuphindaphindwa kokucinezela okubandayo-ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ze-crystallization-annealing-cold (okuphindaphindwayo amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwama-3), isinyithi esikwizinto sitshintsha inqanaba le-molecular (ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ze-alloy), kunye neepropati zomzimba zotshintsho lwe-alloy eyenziweyo. Ke ngoko, umgangatho wayo womphezulu ulungile, ukugqitywa kuphezulu, ukuchaneka kobungakanani bemveliso kuphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemveliso kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa.

Iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo ngokubandayo ziquka iipleyiti zentsimbi yekhabhoni eziqengqelekayo ezibandayo, iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo eziphantsi kwekhabhoni ezibandayo, iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo ezibandayo zokunyathela, iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo eziqinileyo eziqengqelekayo ezibandayo, njl.

5. Igeyiji

Igeyiji sisixhobo sokuhlola esikhethekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuvavanya umgangatho wezinto.
Kwimveliso yeemoto, nokuba ziindawo ezinkulu zokunyathela, iindawo zangaphakathi, ii-sub-assembly ze-welding ezine-geometry entsonkothileyo yendawo, okanye kwiindawo ezilula zokunyathela, iindawo zangaphakathi, njl.njl., izixhobo zokuhlola ezikhethekileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezona ndlela ziphambili zokufumanisa, ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula umgangatho wemveliso phakathi kweenkqubo.

Ukuchonga igeyiji kuneengenelo zokukhawuleza, ukuchaneka, ingqiqo, ukulula, njl.njl., kwaye kufanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zemveliso enkulu.

Iigeyiji zihlala ziqulathe iinxalenye ezintathu:

① I-Skeleton kunye nenxalenye yesiseko
② Ilungu lomzimba
③ Iindawo ezisebenzayo (iindawo ezisebenzayo ziquka: i-quick chuck, i-positioning pin, i-detection pin, i-movable gap slider, itafile yokulinganisa, i-profile clamping plate, njl.njl.).

Yiloo nto kuphela ekufuneka uyazi malunga nenkqubo yokustampa kwimveliso yeemoto. UZhengxi yingcaliumenzi wee-hydraulic presses, ukubonelela ngezixhobo zobungcali zokunyathela, ezinjeumzobo onzulu woomatshini be-hydraulicUkongeza, sibonelelaumatshini wokushicilela we-hydraulic kwiindawo zangaphakathi zeemotoUkuba unayo nayiphi na imfuno, nceda unxibelelane nathi.