Inkqubo yeStamping kwi-Automobile Manufacturing

Iimoto ziye zabizwa ngokuba “ngoomatshini abatshintsha ihlabathi.”Ngenxa yokuba ishishini leemoto linonxibelelwano oluluqilima lwemizi-mveliso, lithathwa njengophawu olubalulekileyo lwenqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe.Kukho iinkqubo ezine eziphambili kwiimoto, kwaye inkqubo yesitampu yeyona ibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezine eziphambili.Kwaye ikwayeyokuqala kwiinkqubo ezine eziphambili.

Kweli nqaku, siza kugxininisa inkqubo yesitampu kwimveliso yeemoto.

Isiqulatho:

1. Yintoni iStamping?
2. Stamping Die
3. Izixhobo zokungqinisisa
4. Izinto zokutywina
5. Igeyiji

1. Yintoni iStamping?

1) Inkcazo yesitampu

Isitampuyindlela yokwenza inkqubo esebenzisa amandla angaphandle kwiipleyiti, imicu, imibhobho, kunye neeprofayili ngokucinezela kunye nokubumba ukwenza i-deformation yeplastiki okanye ukwahlukana ukufumana i-workpieces (i-stamping parts) yobume obufunekayo kunye nobukhulu.Isitampu kunye ne-forging yeyenkqubo yeplastiki (okanye iprosesa yoxinzelelo).Izikhewu zestamping ubukhulu becala zishushu-eziqengqelekayo kunye nentsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo kunye nemicu.Phakathi kweemveliso zetsimbi zehlabathi, i-60-70% ngamacwecwe, amaninzi awo agxininiswe kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo.

Umzimba, i-chassis, itanki yamafutha, amaphiko erediyetha emoto, igubu lomphunga kwibhoyila, iqokobhe lesikhongozeli, intsimbi engundoqo yesilicon sheet yenjini kunye nezixhobo zombane, njl.njl. zonke zinesitampu.Kukwakho nenani elikhulu lamalungu estampu kwiimveliso ezifana nezixhobo kunye neemitha, izixhobo zasekhaya, iibhayisekile, oomatshini beofisi, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlala.

2) Iimpawu zenkqubo yesitampu

• Isitampu yindlela yokucubungula enemveliso ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphantsi.
• Inkqubo yesitampu ifanelekile kwimveliso yeebhetshi ezinkulu zamacandelo kunye neemveliso, ekulula ukuyiqonda i-mechanization kunye ne-automation, kwaye inokusebenza okuphezulu kwemveliso.Kwangaxeshanye, imveliso yesitampu ayinakuzama nje ukufezekisa inkunkuma encinci kwaye kungabikho mveliso yenkunkuma kodwa nokuba kukho okushiyekileyo kwezinye iimeko, ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
• Inkqubo yokusebenza ifanelekile.Akukho nqanaba liphezulu lobuchule elifunwa ngumqhubi.
• Amalungu anesitampu ngokubanzi akufuneki ukuba enziwe ngoomatshini kwaye abe nokuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu.
• Amalungu estampu anokutshintshana okulungileyo.Inkqubo yesitampu inozinzo oluhle, kwaye ibhetshi efanayo yamacandelo esitampu ingasetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukudibanisa kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
• Ekubeni iinxalenye zesitampu zenziwe nge-sheet metal, umgangatho wazo ophezulu ungcono, obonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokunyanga komhlaba ezilandelayo (ezifana ne-electroplating kunye nepeyinti).
• Ukusetyenzwa kwesitampu kunokufumana iinxalenye ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nobunzima.
• Iindleko zestamping iinxalenye eziveliswe ngobuninzi kunye ne-molds ziphantsi.
• Isitampu sinokuvelisa iindawo ezinemilo entsonkothileyo ekunzima ukuyiqhuba ngezinye iindlela zokulungisa isinyithi.

3) Inkqubo yesitampu

(1) Inkqubo yokwahlula:

Ishiti lahlulwe kumgca othile wecontour phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle ukufumana iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nesiqingatha-ezigqityiweyo ezinemilo ethile, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho osikiweyo.
Imeko yokwahlula: Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwisixhobo esonakeleyo sodlula umda wamandla σb.

a.Ukuvala: Sebenzisa idayi ukusika igophe elivaliweyo, kwaye indawo ephothiweyo yinxalenye.Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezisicaba zeemilo ezahlukeneyo.
b.Ukubetha: Sebenzisa idiyizi ukubethelela kwigophe elivaliweyo, kwaye indawo ebethelweyo yinkunkuma.Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezifana nokubetha ngenqindi okuqinisekileyo, ukubethelela ecaleni, kunye nokuxhoma ngenqindi.
c.Ukucheba: Ukucheba okanye ukusika iincam zeendawo ezibunjiweyo zibe kwimilo ethile.
d.Ukwahlula: Sebenzisa idayi ukubhoboza ecaleni kwegophe elingavalwanga ukuvelisa ukwahlukana.Xa amalungu asekhohlo nasekunene abunjwa kunye, inkqubo yokwahlula isetyenziswa ngakumbi.

(2) Inkqubo yokwenza:

Indawo engenanto ikhubazeke ngokweplastiki ngaphandle kokuqhawuka ukufumana iimveliso ezigqityiweyo nezigqityiweyo zohlobo oluthile kunye nobukhulu.
Iimeko zokwenza: amandla esivuno σS

a.Umzobo: Ukwenza iphepha lingabhalwanga libe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo avulekileyo avulekileyo.
b.I-Flange: Umphetho weshiti okanye imveliso egqityiweyo ibunjwe ukuba ibe ngumda othe nkqo ecaleni kwegophe elithile ngokwegophe elithile.
c.Ukubunjwa: Indlela yokwenza esetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional yeendawo ezibunjiweyo okanye ukufumana i-radius encinci ye-fillet.
d.I-Flipping: I-edge emileyo yenziwa kwiphepha elifakwe ngaphambili okanye imveliso egqityiweyo okanye kwiphepha elingabhalwanga.
e.Ukugoba: Ukugoba iphepha libe kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo ngomgca othe ngqo kusenokwenza iindawo ezinemilo entsokothileyo kakhulu.

2. Stamping Die

1) Ukuhlelwa kweFa

Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza, inokohlulwa ibe: ukuzoba kufa, ukucheba i-punching die, kunye ne-flanging shape die.

2) Isakhiwo esisisiseko sokubumba

Idayi yokubethelwa idla ngokuquka ukufa okuphezulu kunye nokusezantsi (i-convex kunye ne-concave die).

3) Ukwakhiwa:

Inxalenye yokusebenza
Ukukhokela
Ukuma
Ukukhawulela
Elastic element
Ukuphakamisa nokujika

3. IziXhobo zeStamping

1) Press Machine

Ngokutsho kwesakhiwo sebhedi, ii-presses zingahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ii-presses ezivulekileyo kunye nezitshixo ezivaliweyo.

Umshicileli ovulekileyo uvulekile kumacala amathathu, ibhedi iUbume be-C, kwaye ukuqina kunzima.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa oomatshini bokushicilela abancinci.Umshicileli ovaliweyo uvulekile ngaphambili nangasemva, ibhedi ivaliwe, kwaye ukuqina kulungile.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kooshicilelo abakhulu nabaphakathi.

Ngokohlobo lwamandla okuqhuba isilayidi, umshicileli unokwahlulwa ube ngoomatshini bokushicilela kunyei-hydraulic press.

2) Ukukhulula umgca

Umatshini wokucheba

Umatshini wokucheba usetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusika imiphetho ethe tye yobukhulu obahlukeneyo bamashiti esinyithi.Iifom zothumelo zezomatshini kunye ne-hydraulic.

4. Stamping Material

Imathiriyeli yesitampu yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umgangatho wenxalenye kunye nobomi bokufa.Okwangoku, izinto ezinokuthi zifakwe isitampu azikho nje insimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni kodwa kunye nensimbi engenasici, i-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy, ubhedu kunye ne-alloy yobhedu, njl.

Ipleyiti yentsimbi okwangoku iyeyona imathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheleni isitampu semoto.Okwangoku, kunye nemfuno yemizimba yemoto ekhaphukhaphu, izinto ezintsha ezifana neeplate zetsimbi eziphakamileyo kunye neesanti zentsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizimba yemoto.

Ukwahlulwa kwepleyiti yentsimbi

Ngokutsho kobukhulu: ipleyiti eshinyeneyo (ngaphezulu kwe-4mm), ipleyiti ephakathi (3-4mm), ipleyiti encinci (ngaphantsi kwe-3mm).Amalungu ezitampu zomzimba ezizenzekelayo ziziipleyiti ezibhityileyo.
Ngokwemeko yokuqengqeleka: ipleyiti yentsimbi eshushu, icwecwe elibandayo.
Ukuqengqeleka okushushu kukuthambisa izinto kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kobushushu be-recrystallization ye-alloy.Uze ucinezele izinto eziphathekayo kwiphepha elincinci okanye i-cross-section ye-billet enevili loxinzelelo, ukwenzela ukuba izinto zikhubazeke, kodwa iipropati ezibonakalayo zezinto eziphathekayo zihlala zingatshintshi.Ukuqina kunye nokugudiswa komphezulu kweepleyiti eziqengqelekayo zihlwempuzekile, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi.Inkqubo eshushu yokuqengqeleka irhabaxa kwaye ayikwazi ukuqengqeleka intsimbi encinci kakhulu.

I-Cold rolling yinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili izinto eziphathekayo kunye nevili loxinzelelo kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa le-recrystallization ye-alloy ukuvumela ukuba izinto ziphinde ziphinde zibuyele emva kweenkqubo ezishushu, ukukhupha, kunye ne-oxidation.Emva kokucofa okuphindaphindiweyo okubandayo-i-recrystallization-annealing-cold pressing (ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-2 ukuya kumaxesha e-3), isinyithi kwizinto eziphathekayo zitshintsha i-molecular level (recrystallization), kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zenguqu ye-alloy eyenziwe.Ke ngoko, umgangatho wayo womphezulu ulungile, ukugqiba kuphezulu, ukuchaneka kobungakanani bemveliso kuphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemveliso kunokufikelela kwiimfuno ezizodwa zokusetyenziswa.

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezipholileyo zibandakanya iipleyiti zensimbi ezibandayo ezibandayo, iipleyiti zensimbi ezipholileyo eziphantsi kwekhabhoni, iipleyiti zetsimbi ezipholileyo zokubetha, iipleyiti zetsimbi ezibandayo ezibandayo, njl njl.

5. Igeyiji

Igeyiji sisixhobo sokuhlola esikhethekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuvavanya umgangatho wamalungu.
Kwimveliso yeemoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphi iindawo ezinkulu zesitampu, iindawo zangaphakathi, ii-welding sub-assemblies ezinejometri yendawo entsonkothileyo, okanye iindawo ezilula zesitampu, iindawo zangaphakathi, njl. lawula umgangatho wemveliso phakathi kweenkqubo.

Ukufumanisa i-gauge kunenzuzo yokukhawuleza, ukuchaneka, intuition, ukulungeleka, njl., kwaye ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zemveliso yobuninzi.

Iigeyi zihlala zineziqendu ezintathu:

① Amathambo kunye nesiseko senxalenye
② Ilungu lomzimba
③ Iindawo ezisebenzayo (iindawo ezisebenzayo ziquka: i-chuck ekhawulezayo, i-pin yokubeka, i-pin yokubona, i-gap slider ehambayo, itafile yokulinganisa, i-profile clamping plate, njl.).

Yiyo yonke into ekhoyo malunga nenkqubo yokunyathela kwimveliso yeemoto.UZhengxi yincutsheumenzi woomatshini bokushicilela behydraulic, ukubonelela ngezixhobo zobuchwephesha zokutywina, ezifanaumzobo onzulu oomatshini bokushicilela behydraulic.Ukongeza, sinikezelaoomatshini boxinzelelo behydraulic beendawo zangaphakathi zeemoto.Ukuba unazo naziphi na iimfuno, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi.