Magalimoto amatchedwa "makina omwe adasintha dziko."Chifukwa makampani opanga magalimoto ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wamakampani, amawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chofunikira cha chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko.Pali njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu zamagalimoto, ndipo kupondaponda ndikofunika kwambiri panjira zinayi zazikuluzikulu.Ndipo ilinso yoyamba mwa njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwunikira njira yosindikizira pakupanga magalimoto.
Zamkatimu:
- Kodi Stamping ndi chiyani?
- Stamping Die
- Zida Zosindikizira
- Zinthu Zosindikizira
- Gauge
1. Kodi Stamping ndi chiyani?
1) Tanthauzo la kupondaponda
Kupondapondandi njira yopangira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja ku mbale, mizere, mapaipi, ndi mbiri ndi makina osindikizira ndi zisankho kuti zipangitse mapindikidwe apulasitiki kapena kupatukana kuti apeze zida zogwirira ntchito (zigawo zosindikizira) za mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi kukula kwake.Kupondaponda ndi kupanga ndi ntchito ya pulasitiki (kapena kukakamiza).Zosowekapo zodindapo makamaka ndi zitsulo zotentha komanso zoziziritsa kuzizira komanso zingwe.Pakati pa zinthu zachitsulo padziko lapansi, 60-70% ndi mbale, zambiri zomwe zimasindikizidwa muzinthu zomalizidwa.
Thupi, chassis, thanki yamafuta, zipsepse za radiator zagalimoto, ng'oma ya nthunzi ya boiler, chipolopolo cha chidebecho, chitsulo chachitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon cha mota ndi zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zonse zimasindikizidwa.Palinso magawo ambiri osindikizira pazinthu monga zida ndi mita, zida zapakhomo, njinga, makina akuofesi, ndi zida zokhalamo.
2) Makhalidwe a Stamping
- Stamping ndi njira yosinthira yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa.
- Njira yosindikizira ndi yoyenera kupanga magulu akuluakulu a zigawo ndi zinthu, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira makina ndi makina, komanso zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupanga masitampu sikungangoyesetsa kukwaniritsa zinyalala zochepa komanso kusapanga zinyalala koma ngakhale pali zotsalira nthawi zina, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mokwanira.
- Njira yogwirira ntchito ndiyosavuta.Palibe luso lapamwamba lomwe limafunikira ndi woyendetsa.
- Zigawo zosindikizidwa sizifunika kupangidwa ndi makina ndipo zimakhala zolondola kwambiri.
- Zigawo zosindikizira zimakhala ndi kusinthana kwabwino.Njira yosindikizira imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo gawo lomwelo la zigawo zopondapo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana popanda kukhudza kusonkhana ndi kupanga.
- Popeza zida zosindikizira zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, mawonekedwe awo apamwamba ndi abwinoko, omwe amapereka zinthu zosavuta pazotsatira zamankhwala apamtunda (monga electroplating ndi penti).
- Kukonza masitampu kumatha kupeza magawo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, zolimba kwambiri, komanso zopepuka.
- Mtengo wa masitampu opangidwa ndi nkhungu ndi wotsika kwambiri.
- Kupondaponda kumatha kupanga magawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe ndi ovuta kuwongolera ndi njira zina zopangira zitsulo.
3) Stamping ndondomeko
(1) Njira yopatukana:
Tsambali limasiyanitsidwa motsatira mzere wina wa contour pansi pa mphamvu yakunja kuti ipeze zinthu zomalizidwa komanso zomalizidwa pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe odulidwa.
Kupatukana: Kupanikizika mkati mwa zinthu zopunduka kumapitilira malire amphamvu σb.
a.Kusabisa kanthu: Gwiritsani ntchito kufa kuti mudulire pokhotera, ndipo gawo lomwe lakhomedwa ndi gawo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo athyathyathya amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
b.Kukhomerera: Gwiritsani ntchito kufa pokhomerera pakhonde lotsekeka, ndipo mbali yokhomedwayo ndiyowonongeka.Pali mitundu ingapo monga kukhomerera koyenera, kukhomerera m’mbali, ndi kukhomerera kolendewera.
c.Kuchenga: Kudula kapena kudula m’mbali mwa ziwalo zoumbika kuti zikhale zooneka bwino.
d.Kupatukana: Gwiritsani ntchito kufa kuti mukhomere pamapindikira osatsekedwa kuti mupatule.Pamene mbali za kumanzere ndi kumanja zimapangidwira palimodzi, njira yolekanitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
(2) Njira yopangira:
Chosowekacho chimakhala chopunduka popanda kusweka kuti apeze zinthu zomalizidwa komanso zomaliza za mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Kupanga zinthu: zokolola mphamvu σS
a.Kujambula: Kupanga pepala lopanda kanthu m'magawo osiyanasiyana otseguka.
b.Flange: Mphepete mwa pepala kapena chinthu chomwe chamalizidwa pang'onopang'ono chimapangidwa kukhala m'mphepete mwake molunjika pamapindikira ena malinga ndi kupindika kwina.
c.Shaping: Njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulondola kwa magawo omwe adapangidwa kapena kupeza utali wocheperako wa fillet.
d.Kupiringizika: Mphepete mwaimirira imapangidwa pa pepala lokhomeredwa kale kapena chinthu chomwe chamalizidwa pang'ono kapena papepala losakhomeredwa.
e.Kupinda: Kupinda pepalalo m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana motsatira mzere wowongoka kumatha kukonza magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri.
2. Kupondaponda Die
1) Gulu la kufa
Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, imatha kugawidwa kukhala: kujambula kufa, kudula nkhonya kufa, ndi kufa kwa mawonekedwe.
2) Mapangidwe oyambirira a nkhungu
Kufa kokhomerera nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi kufa kumtunda ndi kumunsi (convex ndi concave die).
3) Kupanga:
Ntchito gawo
Kutsogolera
Kuyika
Kuchepetsa
Elastic element
Kukweza ndi kutembenuka
3. Zida Zosindikizira
1) Press Machine
Malingana ndi kamangidwe ka bedi, makina osindikizira akhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: otsegula otsegula ndi makina otsekedwa.
Makina otseguka amatsegulidwa mbali zitatu, bedi ndiWooneka ngati C, ndi kuuma mtima kuli kosauka.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza makina ang'onoang'ono.Makina otsekedwa amatsegulidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, bedi latsekedwa, ndipo kulimba kuli bwino.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina osindikizira akuluakulu ndi apakatikati.
Malingana ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yoyendetsa slider, makina osindikizira amatha kugawidwa m'makina osindikizira ndihydraulic press.
2) Kutsegula mzere
Makina ometa ubweya
Makina ometa ubweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podula mbali zowongoka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo.Mafomu opatsirana ndi makina komanso ma hydraulic.
4. Stamping Material
Kupondaponda ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza gawo labwino komanso moyo wakufa.Pakalipano, zipangizo zomwe zingathe kusindikizidwa sizikhala zitsulo zotsika kwambiri za carbon komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu ndi aloyi, mkuwa ndi mkuwa, ndi zina zotero.
Plate yachitsulo pakadali pano ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupondaponda pamagalimoto.Pakalipano, ndi kufunikira kwa matupi a galimoto opepuka, zipangizo zatsopano monga zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri ndi mbale zachitsulo za masangweji zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matupi agalimoto.
Gulu la mbale zachitsulo
Malinga ndi makulidwe: mbale wandiweyani (pamwamba pa 4mm), mbale yapakati (3-4mm), mbale yopyapyala (pansi pa 3mm).Zigawo zopondaponda pagalimoto zimakhala ndi mbale zopyapyala.
Malinga ndi kugubuduza boma: otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo mbale, ozizira adagulung'undisa zitsulo mbale.
Hot anagubuduza ndi kufewetsa zinthu pa kutentha apamwamba kuposa recrystallization kutentha kwa aloyi.Kenako kanikizani zinthuzo kukhala pepala lopyapyala kapena gawo lopingasa la billet yokhala ndi gudumu lopanikizika, kuti zinthuzo zikhale zopunduka, koma mawonekedwe azinthuzo amakhalabe osasinthika.Kulimba ndi kusalala kwapansi kwa mbale zowotcha ndizovuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wochepa.Kugudubuza kotentha kumakhala kovuta ndipo sikungathe kugudubuza chitsulo chopyapyala kwambiri.
Cold rolling ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo zinthuzo ndi gudumu loponderezedwa pa kutentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa recrystallization aloyi kuti zinthuzo zikhazikikenso pambuyo pakugudubuza kotentha, kutulutsa, ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni.Pambuyo mobwerezabwereza ozizira kukanikiza-recrystallization-annealing-ozizira kukanikiza (kubwerezedwa 2 kwa 3 nthawi), chitsulo mu nkhani akukumana ndi maselo mlingo kusintha (recrystallization), ndi katundu thupi la anapanga aloyi kusintha.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ake apamwamba ndi abwino, kumaliza kwake ndikwambiri, kukula kwake kwazinthu ndikwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zapadera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zitsulo zozizira zoziziritsa kukhosi makamaka zimakhala ndi zitsulo zozizira za carbon zitsulo, mbale zachitsulo zozizira zozizira, zozizira zozizira zopondapo, mbale zachitsulo zozizira kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
5. Kuyeza
Gauge ndi chida chowunikira chapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa magawo.
Pakupanga magalimoto, zilibe kanthu pazigawo zazikulu zopondaponda, zamkati, mazenera ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi geometry yovuta, kapena magawo ang'onoang'ono opondaponda, mbali zamkati, ndi zina zotero, zida zowunikira zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zazikulu zodziwira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera khalidwe la mankhwala pakati pa ndondomeko.
Kuzindikira kwa gauge kuli ndi ubwino wofulumira, kulondola, mwadzidzidzi, zosavuta, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka pazofuna zambiri.
Gage nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo atatu:
① Chigoba ndi gawo loyambira
② Chiwalo cha thupi
③ Zigawo zogwirira ntchito (zigawo zogwira ntchito zikuphatikizapo: chuck mwachangu, pini yoyika, pini yodziwira, cholowera chosuntha, tebulo loyezera, mbale yotchinga mbiri, etc.).
Ndizo zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za njira yosindikizira pakupanga magalimoto.Zhengxi ndi katswiriwopanga makina osindikizira a hydraulic, kupereka zida zaukadaulo zosindikizira, mongazojambula zakuya zosindikizira za hydraulic.Komanso, timaperekamakina osindikizira a hydraulic a mbali zamkati zamagalimoto.Ngati muli ndi zosowa, chonde titumizireni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-06-2023
