Imodoka ziswe "imashini zahinduye isi."Kubera ko inganda z’imodoka zifite aho zihurira n’inganda, zifatwa nkikimenyetso gikomeye cyurwego rwiterambere ryigihugu.Hariho inzira enye zingenzi mumodoka, kandi inzira yo gutera kashe ningirakamaro cyane mubikorwa bine byingenzi.Kandi nubwa mbere mubikorwa bine byingenzi.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuzagaragaza uburyo bwo gutera kashe mu gukora imodoka.
Imbonerahamwe y'ibirimo:
- Kashe ni iki?
- Ikimenyetso cyo gupfa
- Ibikoresho bya kashe
- Ikimenyetso cya kashe
- Gauge
1. Kashe ni iki?
1) Igisobanuro cya kashe
Kasheni uburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bukoresha imbaraga zo hanze kubisahani, imirongo, imiyoboro, hamwe na profili ukoresheje imashini hamwe nudushusho kugirango bitume ihindagurika rya plastike cyangwa gutandukana kugirango ubone ibihangano (kashe ya kashe) yuburyo bukenewe nubunini.Kashe hamwe no guhimba ni ibya plastiki (cyangwa gutunganya igitutu).Ibipapuro byo gushiraho kashe cyane cyane bishyushye kandi bikonje bikonje impapuro.Mubicuruzwa byibyuma kwisi, 60-70% harimo amasahani, ibyinshi byashyizweho kashe mubicuruzwa byarangiye.
Umubiri, chassis, igitoro cya lisansi, ibyuma bya radiator yimodoka, ingoma yumuriro wa boiler, igikonoshwa cya kontineri, icyuma cyuma cya silicon icyuma cya moteri nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi byose byashyizweho kashe.Hariho kandi umubare munini wibice bya kashe mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho na metero, ibikoresho byo murugo, amagare, imashini zo mu biro, nibikoresho bizima.
2) Ikimenyetso kiranga inzira
- Kashe ni uburyo bwo gutunganya umusaruro mwinshi hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bike.
- Igikorwa cyo gutera kashe gikwiranye no gukora ibice byinshi byibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa, byoroshye kubona imashini nogukora, kandi bifite umusaruro mwinshi.Muri icyo gihe, kashe yerekana umusaruro ntishobora guharanira gusa kugera ku myanda mike kandi nta musaruro w’imyanda ariko niyo haba hari ibisigara mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, birashobora no gukoreshwa neza.
- Igikorwa cyo gukora kiroroshye.Nta rwego rwo hejuru rwubuhanga rusabwa nuwukora.
- Ibice byashyizweho kashe muri rusange ntibikenewe gutunganywa kandi bifite uburebure buhanitse.
- Ibice bya kashe bifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya.Igikorwa cyo gushiraho kashe gifite ituze ryiza, kandi icyiciro kimwe cyibice byo gushiraho kashe birashobora gukoreshwa kimwe bitagize ingaruka kubikorwa byinteko nibikorwa.
- Kubera ko ibice byo gushiraho kashe bikozwe mubyuma, ubwiza bwubuso bwabwo nibyiza, butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya ibintu nyuma (nka electroplating no gushushanya).
- Gutunganya kashe birashobora kubona ibice bifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera cyane, kandi biremereye.
- Igiciro cyo gushiraho kashe ibice byakozwe cyane hamwe nibishusho ni bike.
- Kashe ishobora kubyara ibice bifite imiterere igoye kuyitunganya nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibyuma.
3) Uburyo bwo gushiraho kashe
(1) Uburyo bwo gutandukana:
Urupapuro rutandukanijwe kumurongo runaka wa kontour munsi yibikorwa byimbaraga zo hanze kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byarangiye kandi byarangiye bifite imiterere, ubunini, hamwe nubwiza bwaciwe.
Imiterere yo gutandukana: Guhangayikishwa imbere mubintu byahinduwe birenze imbaraga σb.
a.Kwirengagiza: Koresha urupfu kugirango ukate umurongo ufunze, kandi igice cyakubiswe ni igice.Byakoreshejwe gukora ibice bisa muburyo butandukanye.
b.Gukubita: Koresha urupfu kugirango ukubite umurongo ufunze, kandi igice cyakubiswe ni imyanda.Hariho uburyo bwinshi nko gukubita neza, gukubita uruhande, no kumanika.
c.Gutema: Gutema cyangwa gukata impande z'ibice bigize imiterere runaka.
d.Gutandukana: Koresha urupfu kugirango ukubite umurongo udafunze kugirango ubyare gutandukana.Iyo ibice byibumoso niburyo byakozwe hamwe, inzira yo gutandukana ikoreshwa cyane.
(2) Gutegura inzira:
Ubusa bwahinduwe muburyo bwa plastike butavunitse kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byarangiye kandi byarangiye byuzuye muburyo bunini.
Gushiraho ibihe: gutanga imbaraga σS
a.Igishushanyo: Gukora urupapuro rwuzuye mubice bitandukanye bifunguye.
b.Flange: Impande zurupapuro cyangwa igice cyarangije gukorwa zakozwe muburyo buhagaritse kumurongo runaka ukurikije umurongo runaka.
c.Gushiraho: Uburyo bwo gukora bukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibipimo byibice byakozwe cyangwa kubona radiyo ntoya.
d.Guhinduranya: Impande ihagaze ikozwe ku rupapuro rwabanje gukubitwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye cyangwa ku rupapuro rudaciriwe.
e.Kwunama: Kunama urupapuro muburyo butandukanye kumurongo ugororotse birashobora gutunganya ibice bifite imiterere ikomeye cyane.
2. Kashe yo gupfa
1) Gupfa gushyira mu byiciro
Ukurikije ihame ryakazi, irashobora kugabanywamo: gushushanya bipfa, kugabanya gukubita bipfa, no gupfa shaping bipfa.
2) Imiterere shingiro yububiko
Gupfa gukubitwa mubisanzwe bigizwe no gupfa hejuru no hepfo (convex na concave die).
3) Ibigize:
Igice c'akazi
Kuyobora
Umwanya
Kugabanya
Ikintu cyoroshye
Kuzamura no guhindukira
3. Ibikoresho bya kashe
1) Imashini
Ukurikije imiterere yigitanda, imashini zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: imashini ifunguye hamwe nugukingura.
Imashini ifunguye irakinguye kumpande eshatu, uburiri niC., kandi gukomera ni bibi.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashini mato.Imashini ifunze irakinguye imbere n'inyuma, uburiri burafunze, kandi gukomera ni byiza.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashini manini kandi aringaniye.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bigenda, imashini irashobora kugabanywamo imashini zikoreshwa kandiimashini ya hydraulic.
2) Umurongo utambitse
Imashini yogosha
Imashini yogosha ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukata impande zigororotse zingana nimpapuro zitandukanye.Impapuro zohereza ni imashini na hydraulic.
4. Stamping Ibikoresho
Kashe ya kashe ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere no gupfa ubuzima.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwaho kashe ntabwo ari ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya gusa ahubwo ni ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminium na aluminiyumu, umuringa n'umuringa, n'ibindi.
Isahani yicyuma nicyo kintu gikoreshwa cyane mugushiraho kashe yimodoka.Kugeza ubu, hamwe nibisabwa ku mibiri yimodoka yoroheje, ibikoresho bishya nkibyuma byimbaraga zikomeye hamwe nicyuma cya sandwich bikoreshwa cyane mumibiri yimodoka.
Ibyiciro by'ibyuma
Ukurikije ubunini: isahani yuzuye (hejuru ya 4mm), isahani yo hagati (3-4mm), isahani yoroheje (munsi ya 3mm).Ibice byerekana kashe yimodoka ni isahani yoroheje.
Ukurikije uko bizunguruka: icyuma gishyushye gishyushye, icyuma gikonje gikonje.
Kuzunguruka bishyushye ni koroshya ibintu ku bushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation ya alloy.Noneho kanda ibikoresho mumpapuro yoroheje cyangwa igice cyambukiranya fagitire ifite uruziga rwumuvuduko, kugirango ibikoresho bihindurwe, ariko ibintu bifatika byibintu ntibihinduka.Ubukomere hamwe nubuso bworoshye bwibisahani bishyushye birakennye, kandi igiciro ni gito.Inzira ishyushye irakomeye kandi ntishobora kuzunguruka ibyuma byoroshye.
Ubukonje bukonje ninzira yo gukomeza kuzunguza ibikoresho hamwe nuruziga rwumuvuduko mubushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe bwa reystallisation ya alloy kugirango ibintu bisubirwemo nyuma yo kuzunguruka bishyushye, kubishyira, hamwe na okiside.Nyuma yo gukonjesha inshuro nyinshi-rerystallisation-annealing-gukonjesha (gusubiramo inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3), ibyuma mubikoresho bigenda bihinduka murwego rwa molekile (recrystallisation), hamwe nibintu bifatika byahinduwe.Kubwibyo, uburinganire bwacyo ni bwiza, kurangiza ni byinshi, ubunini bwibicuruzwa burahari, kandi imikorere nu muteguro wibicuruzwa birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye byo gukoresha.
Ibyuma bikonje bikonje cyane birimo ibyuma bya karubone bikonje bikonje, ibyuma bikonjesha bikonje bya karuboni, ibyuma bikonje bikonje kugirango bishyireho kashe, ibyuma bikomeye bikonje bikonje, nibindi.
5. Gauge
Igipimo ni ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura bikoreshwa mu gupima no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ibice.
Mu gukora ibinyabiziga, uko byagenda kose kubice binini byo guteramo kashe, ibice byimbere, gusudira-guterana hamwe na geometrike igoye, cyangwa kubice byoroheje byashyizweho kashe, ibice byimbere, nibindi, ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura bikunze gukoreshwa nkuburyo bukuru bwo gutahura, bukoreshwa kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa hagati yimikorere.
Gutahura Gauge bifite ibyiza byo kwihuta, kwizerwa, gushishoza, korohereza, nibindi, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane kubikenewe kubyara umusaruro.
Gage akenshi igizwe nibice bitatu:
① Skeleton nigice cyibanze
Part Igice cy'umubiri
Parts Ibice bikora (ibice bikora birimo: gukubita byihuse, pin ihagaze, pin yo gutahura, icyuho cyimuka cyerekanwa, gupima imbonerahamwe, icyapa gifata umwirondoro, nibindi).
Ibyo aribyo byose kugirango umenye ibijyanye na kashe yo gukora imodoka.Zhengxi ni umunyamwugauwakoze imashini zikoresha hydraulic, gutanga ibikoresho byo gushiraho kashe yabigize umwuga, nkagushushanya byimbitse imashini ya hydraulic.Twongeyeho, turatangahydraulic imashini kubice by'imodoka imbere.Niba hari ibyo ukeneye, twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-06-2023
