Uburyo bwo gusiga kashe mu gukora imodoka

Imodoka zagiye zitwa "imashini zahinduye isi." Kubera ko inganda z'imodoka zifite isano ikomeye mu nganda, zifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'urwego rw'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Hari inzira enye z'ingenzi mu modoka, kandi inzira yo gushyiramo kashe ni yo y'ingenzi cyane mu nzira enye z'ingenzi. Kandi ni na yo nzira ya mbere mu nzira enye z'ingenzi.

Muri iyi nkuru, tuzagaragaza uburyo bwo gushyira ibirango mu nganda z'imodoka.

Urutonde rw'ibikubiye muri iki gitabo:

1. Gukata (Stamping) ni iki?
2. Indabyo zo Guteraho Impampu
3. Ibikoresho byo gukanda
4. Ibikoresho byo gukanda
5. Igipimo

1. Gukata sitampu ni iki?

1) Ibisobanuro byo gushyira ikimenyetso mu kashe

Gutera sitampu ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ibishushanyo bukoresha imbaraga zo hanze ku masahani, imirongo, imiyoboro, n'impapuro zikoreshwa mu gukanda no gushushanya kugira ngo habeho impinduka cyangwa gutandukana bya plastiki kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho byo gukora (ibice byo gutera sitampu) bifite imiterere n'ingano bikenewe. Gutera sitampu no gushushanya ni ibyo gutunganya pulasitiki (cyangwa gutunganya igitutu). Ahantu hashyirwa sitampu ahanini ni impapuro n'imirongo by'icyuma bishyushye kandi bikonje. Mu bicuruzwa by'icyuma ku isi, 60-70% ni amasahani, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zishyirwa mu bicuruzwa byarangiye.

Umubiri, chassis, tanki ya lisansi, amababa ya radiateri y'imodoka, ingoma y'umwuka ya boiler, igikonoshwa cy'icyuma, urupapuro rw'icyuma rwa silikoni rw'icyuma cyo mu bwoko bwa moteri n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, nibindi byose bishyizweho kashe. Hariho kandi umubare munini w'ibice byo gusiga kashe mu bicuruzwa nk'ibikoresho n'ibipimo, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, amagare, imashini zo mu biro, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo.

2) Ibiranga uburyo bwo gusiga kashe

• Gutera sitampu ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bufite umusaruro mwinshi kandi bukoresha ibikoresho bike.
• Uburyo bwo gusiga imashini bukwiriye gukorwamo ibice byinshi n'ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kubigeraho mu gukoresha imashini no mu buryo bwikora, kandi bifite umusaruro mwiza cyane. Muri icyo gihe, gukora imashini ntibishobora gusa kwihatira kugera ku myanda mike no kutagira imyanda ikorwa, ahubwo nubwo hari ibisigaye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bishobora no gukoreshwa neza.
• Uburyo bwo gukora buroroshye. Nta buhanga bwo hejuru busabwa n'umukoresha.
• Ibice byashyizweho ikimenyetso muri rusange ntibikeneye gutegurwa neza kandi bifite imiterere yo hejuru.
• Ibice byo gukanda bifite uburyo bwo gusimburana. Uburyo bwo gukanda bufite uburyo bwo guhagarara neza, kandi igice kimwe cyo gukanda gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bumwe nta ngaruka ku guteranya no gukora kw'ibicuruzwa.
• Kubera ko ibice byo gusigaho kashe bikozwe mu byuma, ubwiza bwabyo ni bwiza kurushaho, ibyo bikaba bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya ubuso nyuma yaho (nk'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi no gusiga amarangi).
• Gutunganya sitampu bishobora gutuma ibice bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kandi byoroheje.
• Igiciro cyo gusiga ibice byakozwe mu buryo bwa "stamped" kiri hasi.
• Guteraho sitampu bishobora gukora ibice bifite imiterere igoye gutunganya hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibyuma.

3) Uburyo bwo gukaranga

(1) Uburyo bwo gutandukana:

Urupapuro rutandukanijwe ku murongo runaka w’imiterere y’urupapuro hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo hanze kugira ngo haboneke ibicuruzwa byarangiye n’ibitararangiye bifite imiterere, ingano, n’ubwiza runaka.
Imiterere yo gutandukana: Umuvuduko uri imbere mu bikoresho byangiritse urenze urugero rw'imbaraga σb.

a. Gusiba: Koresha agace gafata icyuma kugira ngo ukate ku murongo ufunze, kandi igice gikubiswe ni igice. Gikoreshwa mu gukora ibice birambuye bifite imiterere itandukanye.
b. Gukubita: Koresha agakoresho ko gukubita mu buryo bufunze, kandi igice cyakubiswe ni impfabusa. Hari uburyo butandukanye nko gukubita neza, gukubita ku ruhande, no gukubita kumanika.
c. Gukata: Gukata cyangwa gukata impande z'ibice byakozwe ku ishusho runaka.
d. Gutandukanya: Koresha agakoresho gakomeye kugira ngo ushyiremo agace kadafunze kugira ngo utandukanye. Iyo ibice by'ibumoso n'iby'iburyo bifatanye, inzira yo gutandukanya ikoreshwa cyane.

(2) Uburyo bwo kurema:

Ahantu hagaragara hahinduka plastike nta gucika kugira ngo haboneke ibintu byarangiye kandi birangiye neza bifite imiterere n'ingano runaka.
Imiterere y'irema: imbaraga z'umusaruro σS

a. Igishushanyo: Guhindura urupapuro ruriho ubusa mo ibice bitandukanye bifunguye bifite ububobere.
b. Ifuru: Inkombe y'urupapuro cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangije gukorwa mu buryo buhagaze ku murongo runaka hakurikijwe imiterere runaka.
c. Gushushanya: Uburyo bwo gushushanya bukoreshwa mu kunoza imiterere y'ibice byakozwe cyangwa kubona umurambararo muto w'ibice.
d. Guhindura: Inkombe ihagaze ikorwa ku rupapuro rwabanje gukubitwa cyangwa ku gicuruzwa cyarangije gukorwa cyangwa ku rupapuro rutarakubitwa.
e. Kugonda: Kugonda urupapuro mu buryo butandukanye ku murongo ugororotse bishobora gutunganya ibice bifite imiterere igoye cyane.

2. Indabyo zo gukanda

1) Gushyira mu byiciro impfu

Dukurikije ihame ry'imikorere, ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira: gushushanya die, gukata die yo gukubita, no gushushanya die yo gushushanya.

2) Imiterere y'ibanze y'ibumba

Ubusanzwe, icyuma cyo gukubita kiba kigizwe n'ibyuma byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi (ibyuma binini n'ibinini).

3) Imiterere:

Igice cy'akazi
Kuyobora
Gushyiramo umwanya
Kugabanya
Ikintu cyoroshye
Guterura no guhindukira

3. Ibikoresho byo gukanda

1) Imashini yo gukanda

Dukurikije imiterere y'igitanda, imashini zicapa zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: imashini zicapa zifunguye n'imashini zicapa zifunze.

Imashini ifunguye ifunguye ku mpande eshatu, igitanda kiriIshusho ya C, kandi ubukana bwayo ni bubi. Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gucapa bito. Imashini ifunze iba ifunguye imbere n'inyuma, igitanda kirafunze, kandi ubukana bwayo ni bwiza. Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gucapa binini n'ibiciriritse.

Dukurikije ubwoko bw'imbaraga zo gukanda, imashini ishobora kugabanywamo imashini zo gukanda noimashini isohora amazi.

2) Umurongo wo gukuraho urukuta

Imashini yo kogosha

Imashini yo gukata ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukata impande zigororotse z'amabati y'ibyuma angana. Imiterere y'imashini ni iy'amashanyarazi n'iy'amazi.

4. Inzuibikoresho bya mping

Ibikoresho byo gukaranga ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'igice n'ubuzima bwacyo. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bishobora gukaranga si icyuma gikoresha karubone nke gusa ahubwo ni n'icyuma kidashonga, aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu, aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu, aluminiyumu n'umuringa, n'ibindi.

Ibyuma bya plaque ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu gukata imodoka. Kuri ubu, bitewe n'uko hakenewe ibikoresho byoroheje by'imodoka, ibikoresho bishya nk'iby'icyuma bikomeye n'iby'icyuma bya sandwich biriyongera gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imodoka.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'amasahani y'icyuma

Dukurikije ubunini: isahani nini (hejuru ya mm 4), isahani iri hagati (mm 3-4), isahani nto (munsi ya mm 3). Ibice bishyiraho ibyuma byikora ni amasahani yoroshye cyane.
Dukurikije uko ibintu bigenda: isahani y'icyuma ishyushye, isahani y'icyuma ikonje.
Gushyushya bishyushye ni ukuroshya ibikoresho ku bushyuhe buri hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo kongera gushyushya bw’icyuma. Hanyuma ukanda ibikoresho mu rupapuro ruto cyangwa igice cy’icyuma gifite umuvuduko, kugira ngo ibikoresho bihinduke, ariko imiterere y’ibikoresho igumeho. Uburemere n’ubuso bw’amasahani ashyushye ni bibi, kandi igiciro ni gito. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bushyushye ni bubi kandi ntibushobora gushyushya icyuma gito cyane.

Gutembagara mu buryo bukonje ni inzira yo gukomeza gutembagara ibikoresho ukoresheje uruziga rw'umuvuduko ku bushyuhe buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo kongera gutembagara mu buryo bushyushye bw'icyuma kugira ngo ibikoresho bishobore kongera gutembagara nyuma yo gutembagara mu buryo bushyushye, gutembagara, no gutembagara mu buryo bushyushye. Nyuma yo gutembagara mu buryo bukabije, gutembagara mu buryo bukonje, gutembagara mu buryo bushyushye, gutembagara mu buryo bukonje (bisubiwemo inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3), icyuma kiri mu bikoresho gihinduka mu buryo busanzwe (kubitembagara mu buryo bushyushye), kandi imiterere y'icyuma cyakozwe irahinduka. Kubwibyo, ubwiza bw'ubuso bwacyo ni bwiza, irangi riri hejuru, ingano y'igicuruzwa ni nziza, kandi imikorere n'imiterere y'igicuruzwa bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye byo gukoreshwa.

Amasahani y'icyuma akozwe mu buryo bukonje agizwe ahanini n'amasahani y'icyuma gikonjesha cya karuboni, amasahani y'icyuma akozwe mu buryo bukonjesha cya karuboni nkeya, amasahani y'icyuma akozwe mu buryo bukonjesha yo gusigaho kashe, amasahani y'icyuma akozwe mu buryo bukonjesha yo gusigaho kashe, amasahani y'icyuma akozwe mu buryo bukonjesha akomeye, n'ibindi.

5. Igipimo

Igipimo ni igikoresho cyihariye cyo kugenzura gikoreshwa mu gupima no gusuzuma ubwiza bw'ibice.
Mu nganda zikora imodoka, haba ku bice binini bishyiraho ikimenyetso, ibice by'imbere, ibikoresho byo gusudira bifite imiterere igoye y'ahantu, cyangwa ku bice bito byoroshye bishyiraho ikimenyetso, ibice by'imbere, nibindi, ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura bikunze gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kumenya, bukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa hagati y'ibikorwa.

Gupima igipimo bifite ibyiza byo kwihuta, gukora neza, kumva neza, koroshya ibintu, nibindi, kandi bikwiranye cyane cyane n'ibikenewe mu gukora ibintu byinshi.

Garage akenshi zigizwe n'ibice bitatu:

① Igihimba cy'amagufwa n'igice cy'ibanze
② Igice cy'umubiri
③ Ibice by'imikorere (ibice by'imikorere birimo: agapira k'ingufu, agapira ko gushyiramo ibintu, agapira ko gutahura, agapira k'icyuho kimukanwa, imbonerahamwe yo gupimisha, icyuma gifunga imiterere y'agapira, nibindi).

Ibyo ni byo byonyine ugomba kumenya ku bijyanye no gushyira kashe mu gukora imodoka. Zhengxi ni umunyamwugauruganda rukora imashini zicapa hifashishijwe hydraulic, gutanga ibikoresho by'umwuga byo gusiga ikamba, nkaimashini zishushanyijeho cyane zikoresha hydraulicByongeye kandi, dutangaimashini zicapa za hydraulic zikoreshwa mu bice by'imbere by'imodokaNiba hari icyo ukeneye, twandikire.