Inqubo Yokunyathela Emkhakheni Wezimoto

Izimoto ziye zabizwa ngokuthi “imishini eshintshe umhlaba.” Ngenxa yokuthi imboni yezimoto inobudlelwano obuqinile bezimboni, ibhekwa njengophawu olubalulekile lwezinga lentuthuko yomnotho wezwe. Kunezinqubo ezine ezinkulu ezimotweni, futhi inqubo yokunyathelisa ibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni ezine ezinkulu. Futhi futhi iyindlela yokuqala kwezine ezinkulu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoqokomisa inqubo yokunyathelisa ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto.

Uhlu Lokuqukethwe:

1. Kuyini ukunyathela?
2. Idayi Yokunyathela
3. Imishini Yokunyathela
4. Izinto Zokunyathela
5. Igeyiji

1. Kuyini ukunyathela?

1) Incazelo yokunyathela

Ukunyathela kuyindlela yokucubungula ukwakheka esebenzisa amandla angaphandle kumapuleti, imichilo, amapayipi, kanye namaphrofayili ngokucindezela kanye nezikhunta ukuze kubangele ukuguqulwa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwepulasitiki ukuze kutholakale izingxenye zomsebenzi (izingxenye zokunyathela) zesimo nosayizi odingekayo. Ukunyathela kanye nokwakha kungokwenqubo yepulasitiki (noma ukucubungula ingcindezi). Izikhala zokunyathela ikakhulukazi amashidi nemigqa yensimbi egoqwe ngokushisa kanye neyokugoqwa ngokushisa. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yensimbi emhlabeni, ama-60-70% amapuleti, amaningi awo agxivizwe emikhiqizweni eqediwe.

Umzimba, ishasi, ithangi likaphethiloli, amaphiko e-radiator yemoto, isigubhu somusi sebhoyila, igobolondo lesitsha, ishidi lensimbi le-silicon eliyinhloko lemoto nezinto zikagesi, njll. konke kugxiviziwe. Kukhona nenani elikhulu lezingxenye zokugxiviza emikhiqizweni efana nezinsimbi namamitha, izinto zasekhaya, amabhayisikili, imishini yasehhovisi, kanye nezinto zokuphila.

2) Izici zenqubo yokunyathela

• Ukunyathela kuyindlela yokucubungula esebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphansi.
• Inqubo yokunyathela ifanelekela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinkulu zezingxenye nemikhiqizo, okulula ukuyiqonda ngokusebenzisa imishini kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, futhi inokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kokunyathela akugcini nje ngokulwela ukufeza imfucuza encane kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kodwa noma ngabe kukhona okusele kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
• Inqubo yokusebenza ilula. Akukho khono eliphezulu elidingekayo kumqhubi.
• Izingxenye ezigxiviziwe ngokuvamile azidingi ukwenziwa ngomshini futhi zinokunemba okuphezulu.
• Izingxenye zokunyathela zinokushintshaniswa okuhle. Inqubo yokunyathela inokuqina okuhle, futhi iqoqo elifanayo lezingxenye zokunyathela lingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlanganiswa nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
• Njengoba izingxenye zokunyathela zenziwe ngensimbi, ikhwalithi yazo yobuso ingcono, okunikeza izimo ezilula zezinqubo zokwelashwa kobuso ezilandelayo (njengokuphotha ngogesi nokupenda).
• Ukucutshungulwa kokunyathela kungathola izingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokukhanya okulula.
• Izindleko zokunyathela izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi ngezikhunta ziphansi.
• Ukunyathela kungakhiqiza izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuzicubungula ngezinye izindlela zokucubungula insimbi.

3) Inqubo yokunyathela

(1) Inqubo yokuhlukanisa:

Ishidi lihlukaniswe ngomugqa othile we-contour ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo eqediwe neqediwe kancane enesimo esithile, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi yokusika.
Isimo sokuhlukana: Ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwezinto ezikhubazekile kudlula umkhawulo wamandla σb.

a. Ukuvala: Sebenzisa idayisi ukusika ngejika elivaliwe, futhi ingxenye ebhoboziwe iyingxenye. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye eziyisicaba zezimo ezahlukahlukene.
b. Ukushaya: Sebenzisa idayisi ukuze ushaye ngejika elivaliwe, futhi ingxenye ebhoboziwe iyincithakalo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezifana nokushaya okuhle, ukushaya eceleni, kanye nokushaya okulengayo.
c. Ukusika: Ukusika noma ukusika imiphetho yezingxenye ezakhiwe zibe nesimo esithile.
d. Ukuhlukanisa: Sebenzisa idayisi ukuze ushaye ngejika elingavaliwe ukuze udale ukwahlukana. Lapho izingxenye zesobunxele nesokudla zakhiwe ndawonye, ​​inqubo yokuhlukanisa isetshenziswa kakhulu.

(2) Inqubo yokwakha:

Isikhala siguquguquka ngepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuphuka ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo esiqediwe nengaqediwe ngokuphelele yesimo nosayizi othile.
Izimo zokwakha: amandla okukhiqiza σS

a. Umdwebo: Ukwenza ishidi elingenalutho libe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezivulekile ezingenalutho.
b. I-Flange: Unqenqema lweshidi noma umkhiqizo oqediwe kancane lwenziwa lube unqenqema oluqondile eceleni kwejika elithile ngokwendlela ethile yokugoba.
c. Ukubumba: Indlela yokwakha esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye ezakhiwe noma ukuthola irediyasi encane yefillet.
d. Ukupheqa: Unqenqema olumile lwenziwa eshidini elibhotshoziwe noma emkhiqizweni oqediwe kancane noma eshidini elingabhotshoziwe.
e. Ukugoba: Ukugoba ishidi libe yizimo ezahlukahlukene emgqeni oqondile kungacubungula izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

2. Idayi Yokunyathela

1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadayi

Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa kanje: idayi yokudweba, idayi yokubhoboza, kanye nedayi yokubumba e-flanging.

2) Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesikhunta

I-die yokubhoboza ivame ukwakhiwa ngama-die aphezulu naphansi (i-convex ne-concave die).

3) Ukwakheka:

Ingxenye yokusebenza
Ukuqondisa
Ukubeka Indawo
Ukukhawulela
Isici sokunwebeka
Ukuphakamisa nokujika

3. Imishini Yokunyathela

1) Umshini Wokucindezela

Ngokwesakhiwo sombhede, imishini yokucindezela ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: imishini yokucindezela evulekile kanye nemishini yokucindezela evaliwe.

Umshini wokucindezela ovulekile uvulekile ezinhlangothini ezintathu, umbhede uvulekileOkumise okwe-C, futhi ukuqina kwayo kubi. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucindezela okuncane. Ukucindezela okuvaliwe kuvulekile ngaphambili nangemuva, umbhede uvaliwe, futhi ukuqina kwayo kuhle. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucindezela okukhulu nokuphakathi.

Ngokusho kohlobo lwamandla esilayida sokushayela, umshini wokucindezela ungahlukaniswa ube umshini wokucindezela wemishini kanyeumshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic.

2) Ulayini wokuqaqa

Umshini wokugunda izinwele

Umshini wokugunda usetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika imiphetho eqondile yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bamashidi ensimbi. Amafomu okudlulisela angowomshini kanye nowokuhambisa amanzi.

4. IsitejiIzinto Zokubumba

Izinto zokunyathela ziyisici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi yengxenye kanye nokuphila kwayo. Njengamanje, izinto ezinganyatheliswa akuzona nje insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kodwa futhi nensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy, i-copper ne-copper alloy, njll.

Ipuleti lensimbi okwamanje liyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekugxishweni kwezimoto. Njengamanje, ngesidingo semizimba yezimoto ezilula, izinto ezintsha ezifana namapuleti ensimbi aqinile kanye namapuleti ensimbi esandwich asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zezimoto.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwepuleti lensimbi

Ngokuya ngobukhulu: ipuleti elijiyile (ngaphezu kuka-4mm), ipuleti eliphakathi (3-4mm), ipuleti elincane (ngaphansi kuka-3mm). Izingxenye zokunyathela umzimba ngokuzenzakalela ziyipuleti elincane kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwesimo sokugoqa: ipuleti lensimbi eligoqwe ngokushisa, ipuleti lensimbi eligoqwe ngokushisa.
Ukugoqa okushisayo kuwukuthambisa izinto ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kwe-alloy. Bese ucindezela izinto zibe yishidi elincane noma ingxenye ye-billet enesondo lokucindezela, ukuze izinto ziguquguquke, kodwa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zezinto zihlala zingashintshi. Ukuqina kanye nokushelela kobuso bamapuleti agoqwayo ashisayo kubi, futhi intengo iphansi kakhulu. Inqubo yokugoqa okushisayo inzima futhi ayikwazi ukugoqa insimbi encane kakhulu.

Ukugoqa okubandayo inqubo yokugoqa okwengeziwe kwezinto ngesondo lokucindezela ekushiseni okuphansi kunezinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe le-alloy ukuvumela izinto ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe ngemva kwezinqubo zokugoqa okushisayo, ukukhipha, kanye nokushiswa kwe-oxidation. Ngemva kokucindezela okuphindaphindiwe kokucindezela okubandayo-ukuphinda kusetshenziswe-ukuphinda kusetshenziswe-ukuphinda kusetshenziswe-ukuphinda kusetshenziswe (okuphindaphindwayo izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3), insimbi entweni idlula ekushintsheni kwezinga lama-molecule (ukuphinda kusetshenziswe), kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba zokushintsha kwe-alloy eyakhiwe. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yayo yobuso ilungile, ukuqeda kuphezulu, ukunemba kosayizi womkhiqizo kuphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kanye nokuhleleka komkhiqizo kungahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa.

Amapuleti ensimbi aqoqwe ngokubandayo ahlanganisa kakhulu amapuleti ensimbi yekhabhoni aqoqwe ngokubandayo, amapuleti ensimbi aqoqwe ngokubandayo aphansi, amapuleti ensimbi aqoqwe ngokubandayo okugxivizwa, amapuleti ensimbi aqoqwe ngokubandayo anamandla aphezulu, njll.

5. Isilinganiso

Igeyiji iyithuluzi lokuhlola elikhethekile elisetshenziselwa ukukala nokuhlola ikhwalithi yobukhulu bezingxenye.
Ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingxenye ezinkulu zokunyathela, izingxenye zangaphakathi, izingxenye ezincane zokushisela ezine-geometry yendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, noma izingxenye ezilula zokunyathela, izingxenye zangaphakathi, njll., amathuluzi okuhlola akhethekile avame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko yokuthola, esetshenziselwa ukulawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo phakathi kwezinqubo.

Ukutholwa kwegeyiji kunezinzuzo zokushesha, ukunemba, umuzwa, ukulula, njll., futhi kufaneleka kakhulu ezidingweni zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Ama-Gages avame ukuba nezingxenye ezintathu:

① Ingxenye yesikhumba nesisekelo
② Ingxenye yomzimba
③ Izingxenye ezisebenzayo (izingxenye ezisebenzayo zifaka: i-quick chuck, i-positioning pin, i-detection pin, i-movable gap slider, itafula lokulinganisa, i-profile clamping plate, njll.).

Yilokho kuphela okudingeka ukwazi ngenqubo yokunyathelisa ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto. UZhengxi unguchwephesheumenzi wemishini yokucindezela ye-hydraulic, ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yobuchwepheshe yokunyathela, njengeumdwebo ojulile wokucindezela kwe-hydraulicNgaphezu kwalokho, sihlinzekaimishini yokucindezela ye-hydraulic yezingxenye zangaphakathi zezimotoUma unezidingo, sicela usithinte.