Inqubo Yokugxiviza Ekukhiqizeni Izimoto

Izimoto ziye zabizwa ngokuthi “imishini eyashintsha umhlaba.”Ngenxa yokuthi imboni yezimoto inokuhlobana okuqinile kwezimboni, ithathwa njengophawu olubalulekile lwezinga lokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe.Kunezinqubo ezine ezinkulu ezimotweni, futhi inqubo yokugxiviza ibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni ezine ezinkulu.Futhi futhi ingeyokuqala kwezinqubo ezine ezinkulu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizogqamisa inqubo yokugxiviza ekukhiqizeni izimoto.

Uhlu Lokuqukethwe:

1. Kuyini Ukunyathela?
2. I-Stamping Die
3. Izinsimbi Zokugxiviza
4. Izinto Zokugxiviza
5. Isilinganiso

1. Kuyini Ukunyathela?

1) Incazelo yokugxiviza

Ukugxivizakuyindlela yokucubungula eyenza amandla angaphandle kumapuleti, amapheshana, amapayipi, kanye namaphrofayili ngokucindezela kanye nokubunjwa ukuze kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki noma ukuhlukaniswa ukuze kutholakale ama-workpieces (izingxenye zokugxiviza) zomumo nosayizi odingekayo.Ukugxiviza nokuqamba kungokwepulasitiki (noma ukucutshungulwa kwengcindezi).Izikhala zokugxiviza ikakhulukazi amashidi namapheshana ensimbi agoqelwe ashisayo nagoqeke ngokubanda.Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yensimbi emhlabeni, ama-60-70% angamapuleti, amaningi awo agxivizwe emikhiqizweni ephelile.

Umzimba, i-chassis, ithangi likaphethiloli, amaphiko erediyetha emoto, isigubhu sesitimu sikabhayela, igobolondo lesiqukathi, i-iron core silicon steel sheet yenjini nezinto zikagesi, njll. konke kugxiviziwe.Kukhona nenani elikhulu lezingxenye zokugxiviza emikhiqizweni enjengamathuluzi namamitha, izinto zasendlini, amabhayisikili, imishini yasehhovisi, nezitsha zokuhlala.

2) Izici zenqubo yokunyathela

• Ukugxiviza kuyindlela yokucubungula esebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto eziphansi.
• Inqubo yokugxiviza ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwamaqoqo amakhulu ezingxenye nemikhiqizo, okulula ukuyibona ngemishini kanye ne-automation, futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu ukusebenza kahle.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kokugxiviza akukwazi nje kuphela ukulwela ukuzuza imfucuza encane futhi kungabikho ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kodwa ngisho noma kukhona okusele kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
• Inqubo yokusebenza ilungile.Alikho izinga eliphezulu lekhono elidingwa opharetha.
• Izingxenye ezinesitembu ngokuvamile azidingi ukwenziwa ngomshini futhi zibe nokunemba kobukhulu obuphakeme.
• Izingxenye zokunyathela zinokushintshana okuhle.Inqubo yokugxiviza inozinzo oluhle, futhi iqoqo elifanayo lezingxenye zokugxiviza lingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlanganisa nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
• Njengoba izingxenye zokugxiviza zenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi, izinga lazo lendawo lingcono, elihlinzeka ngezimo ezilula zezinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo (ezifana ne-electroplating nokudweba).
• Ukucubungula isitembu kungathola izingxenye ezinamandla amakhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nesisindo esincane.
• Izindleko zokugxiviza izingxenye ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi ngesikhunta ziphansi.
• Ukugxiviza kungakhiqiza izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuzicubungula ngezinye izindlela zokucubungula insimbi.

3) Inqubo yokugxiviza

(1) Inqubo yokuhlukanisa:

Ishidi lihlukaniswa ngomugqa othile wekhonta ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo eqediwe futhi ecishe iqedwe enomumo othile, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi enqanyuliwe.
Isimo sokuhlukaniswa: Ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwento ekhubazekile idlula umkhawulo wamandla ongu-σb.

a.Ukuvala: Sebenzisa idayi ukuze usike ijika elivaliwe, futhi ingxenye ebhontshiwe iyingxenye.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye eziyisicaba zomumo ohlukahlukene.
b.Ukubhoboza: Sebenzisa idayi ukuze ushaye ijika elivaliwe, kanti ingxenye ebhontshiwe iyimfucuza.Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezifana nokushaya isibhakela esihle, ukubhoboza eceleni, nokulenga isibhakela.
c.Ukunquma: Ukunquma noma ukusika amaphethelo ezingxenye ezakhiwe ukuze abe nesimo esithile.
d.Ukuhlukaniswa: Sebenzisa idayi ukuze ushaye ijika elingavaliwe ukuze ukhiqize ukuhlukana.Lapho izingxenye ezingakwesokunxele nezingakwesokudla zakhiwe ndawonye, ​​inqubo yokuhlukanisa isetshenziswa kakhulu.

(2) Inqubo yokwenza:

Okungenalutho kukhubazekile ngokwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuphuka ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo eqediwe futhi eqedwe kancane yomumo nosayizi othile.
Izimo zokwakha: amandla esivuno σS

a.Umdwebo: Ukwenza ishidi lingenalutho libe izingxenye ezivulekile ezivulekile.
b.I-Flange: Unqenqema lweshidi noma umkhiqizo oqedwe kancane lwakhiwa lwaba unqenqema olume mpo eduze kwejika elithile ngokuya ngokugoba okuthile.
c.Ukubunjwa: Indlela yokubumba esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye ezakhiwe noma ukuthola irediyasi encane yefillet.
d.Ukuphetshwa: Unqenqema olumile lwenziwa eshidini elishaywe ngaphambilini noma umkhiqizo osuphelile noma eshidini elingashaywanga.
e.Ukugoba: Ukugoba ishidi libe yizimo ezihlukahlukene ngomugqa oqondile kungacubungula izingxenye ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

2. Stamping Die

1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Die

Ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa ibe: ukudweba ukufa, ukusika ukufa kokushaya, kanye nokufa kwe-flanging shape.

2) Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesikhunta

I-punching die ngokuvamile yakhiwa ukufa okuphezulu nangaphansi (i-convex ne-concave die).

3) Ukwakhiwa:

Ingxenye yokusebenza
Ukuqondisa
Ukuma
Ukukhawulela
Isici se-elastic
Ukuphakamisa nokuphenduka

3. Izinsimbi Zokugxiviza

1) Cindezela Umshini

Ngokwesakhiwo sombhede, umshini wokunyathelisa ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: umshini wokunyathelisa ovulekile kanye nomshini ovaliwe.

Umshini wokunyathelisa ovulekile uvuliwe ezinhlangothini ezintathu, umbhede unjaloOkumise okwe-C, futhi ukuqina kumpofu.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa umshini wokunyathelisa omncane.Umshini ovaliwe uvuliwe ngaphambili nangemuva, umbhede uvaliwe, futhi ukuqina kuhle.Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa umshini wokunyathelisa omkhulu nophakathi nendawo.

Ngokusho kohlobo lwamandla okushayela isilayidi, umshini wokunyathelisa ungahlukaniswa ngomshini wokunyathelisa kanyei-hydraulic press.

2) Ukuqaqa umugqa

Umshini wokugunda

Umshini wokugunda usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusika imiphetho eqondile yamasayizi ahlukahlukene amashidi ensimbi.Amafomu okudlulisela angomshini kanye ne-hydraulic.

4. Staimping Material

Impahla yokugxiviza iyisici esibalulekile esithinta ingxenye yekhwalithi nokuphila kokufa.Njengamanje, izinto ezingagxivizwa aziyona nje insimbi ephansi ye-carbon kodwa futhi nensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy, ithusi ne-alloy yethusi, njll.

Ipuleti lensimbi njengamanje liyimpahla eluhlaza esetshenziswa kakhulu ekugxivizeni isitembu semoto.Njengamanje, ngesidingo semizimba yezimoto engasindi, izinto ezintsha ezifana namapuleti ensimbi aqine kakhulu kanye namapuleti ensimbi esangweji zisetshenziswa kakhulu emizimbeni yezimoto.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamapuleti ensimbi

Ngokusho kobukhulu: ipuleti eliwugqinsi (ngaphezu kuka-4mm), ipuleti eliphakathi (3-4mm), ipuleti elincane (ngaphansi kuka-3mm).Izingxenye zokugxiviza zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo ikakhulukazi amapuleti amancane.
Ngokwesimo sokuginqika: ipuleti lensimbi eligoqiwe elishisayo, ipuleti lensimbi eligoqiwe ngokubanda.
I-Hot rolling iwukuthambisa impahla ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization ye-alloy.Bese ucindezela izinto zibe ishidi elincanyana noma ingxenye ephambanweni ye-billet enesondo lokucindezela, ukuze impahla ikhubazeke, kodwa izici ezibonakalayo zezinto ezibonakalayo zihlala zingashintshiwe.Ukuqina kanye nokushelela kwendawo yamapuleti agingqiwe ashisayo kubi, futhi intengo iphansi.Inqubo yokuginqika eshisayo ilukhuni futhi ayikwazi ukugingqa insimbi ezacile kakhulu.

Ukugoqa okubandayo kuyinqubo yokuqhubeka nokugoqa izinto ngesondo lokucindezela ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kunokushisa kwe-recrystallization ye-alloy ukuvumela impahla ukuthi iphinde ikhanye ngemva kwezinqubo ezishisayo zokugoqa, ukukhipha, kanye ne-oxidation.Ngemuva kokucindezela okubandayo okuphindaphindiwe-ukuvuselela-annealing-cold pressing (okuphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezi-3), insimbi entweni ibhekana noshintsho lwezinga lamangqamuzana (i-recrystallization), kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zokuguqulwa kwe-alloy eyakhiwe.Ngakho-ke, izinga layo eliphezulu lihle, isiphetho siphezulu, ukunemba kosayizi womkhiqizo kuphezulu, futhi ukusebenza nokuhleleka komkhiqizo kungahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa.

Amapuleti ensimbi agoqelwe ngokubanda ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amapuleti ensimbi ekhabhoni egoqelwe ngokubanda, amapuleti ensimbi anekhabhoni ephansi abandayo aginqike, amapuleti ensimbi agoqeke abandayo okugxiviza, amapuleti ensimbi aqine kakhulu abandayo, njll.

5. Igeji

I-gauge iyithuluzi lokuhlola elikhethekile elisetshenziselwa ukukala nokuhlola ikhwalithi yobukhulu bezingxenye.
Ekwenziweni kwezimoto, akunandaba izingxenye ezinkulu zokugxiviza, izingxenye zangaphakathi, ama-welding sub-assemblies anejiyomethri yendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, noma izingxenye ezincane zokugxiviza, izingxenye zangaphakathi, njll., amathuluzi okuhlola akhethekile avame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko yokuthola, esetshenziselwa lawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo phakathi kwezinqubo.

Ukutholwa kwegeji kunezinzuzo zokusheshisa, ukunemba, intuition, lula, njll., futhi kulungele ikakhulukazi izidingo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Amageji ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu:

① Ingxenye yesikelethoni nesisekelo
② Ingxenye yomzimba
③ Izingxenye ezisebenzayo (izingxenye ezisebenzayo zifaka: i-chuck esheshayo, iphinikhodi yokubeka indawo, iphinikhodi yokubona, isilayidi segebe esinyakazayo, ithebula lokulinganisa, ipuleti le-profile clamping, njll.).

Yilokho kuphela okumele ukwazi mayelana nenqubo yokugxiviza ekukhiqizeni izimoto.UZhengxi ungumbungazi oveleleumkhiqizi wemishini yokunyathelisa ye-hydraulic, ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yokugxiviza yobungcweti, njengeumdwebo ojulile wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, sihlinzekaumshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic wezingxenye zangaphakathi zezimoto.Uma unezidingo, sicela usithinte.