Motokari dzave dzichinzi "michina yakachinja nyika."Nekuti indasitiri yemotokari ine hukama hwakasimba hwemaindasitiri, inoonekwa sechiratidzo chakakosha chedanho rekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.Kune maitiro mana makuru mumotokari, uye maitiro ekutsika ndiwo akanyanya kukosha pane mana makuru maitiro.Uye zvakare ndiyo yekutanga yemaitiro mana makuru.
Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichasimbisa iyo stamping maitiro mukugadzira mota.
Table of Content:
- Chii chinonzi Stamping?
- Stamping Die
- Kukurudzira Midziyo
- Stamping Material
- Geji
1. Chii chinonzi Stamping?
1) Tsanangudzo yekutsika
Stampinginzira yekugadzira yekugadzira iyo inoshandisa simba rekunze kumaplateti, mitsetse, mapaipi, uye maprofiles nemashina uye molds kukonzera deformation yepurasitiki kana kupatsanurwa kuti vawane workpieces (stamping zvikamu) zvechimiro chinodiwa uye saizi.Kugumbuka uye kukanganisika ndekwekugadzirisa kwepurasitiki (kana kudzvanywa kugadzirisa).Iwo mabhuruku ekutsvedza anonyanya kupisa-kutenderera uye kutonhora-yakatonhora-yakamanikidzwa masimbi mashizha uye mitsetse.Pakati pezvakagadzirwa zvesimbi munyika, 60-70% itswa mahwendefa, dzakawanda dzakatemerwa zvigadzirwa zvapera.
Muviri, chassis, tangi yemafuta, zvimbi zveradiator zvemota, chigubhu chehutsi hwebhailer, goko remudziyo, iron core silicon simbi pepa remota nemidziyo yemagetsi, nezvimwe zvese zvakadhindwa.Kune zvakare huwandu hukuru hwezvikamu zvekutsika muzvigadzirwa zvakaita sezviridzwa nemamita, midziyo yemumba, mabhasikoro, michina yemuhofisi, uye midziyo yekugara.
2) Stamping maitiro maitiro
- Stamping inzira yekugadzirisa ine yakakwira kugadzirwa kwekuita uye yakaderera kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
- Iyo stamping maitiro akakodzera kugadzirwa kwemabheti mahombe ezvikamu uye zvigadzirwa, zviri nyore kuona mechanization uye otomatiki, uye ine yakakwirira kugadzirwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kwe stamping hakungovavarira kuwana tsvina shoma uye pasina kugadzirwa kwemarara asi kunyangwe paine zvakasara mune dzimwe nguva, zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa zvizere.
- Maitiro ekushanda ari nyore.Hapana yakakwirira chikamu chehunyanzvi chinodiwa neanoshanda.
- Zvikamu zvakadhindwa kazhinji hazvidi kugadzirwa uye zvine huremu hwepamusoro.
- Zvitemba zvikamu zvine zvakanaka kuchinjana.Iyo stamping process ine kugadzikana kwakanaka, uye batch imwechete yezvitambi zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana pasina kukanganisa kusangana uye kuita kwechigadzirwa.
- Sezvo zvikamu zvekutsikirira zvichigadzirwa neshizha resimbi, kunaka kwavo kwepamusoro kuri nani, izvo zvinopa mamiriro ari nyore kune anotevera maitiro ekurapwa kwepamusoro (senge electroplating nekupenda).
- Stamping processing inogona kuwana zvikamu zvine simba rakawanda, kusimba kwakanyanya, uye kureruka.
- Mutengo wekutsika zvikamu misa-inogadzirwa ne molds yakaderera.
- Kudhinda kunogona kuburitsa zvikamu zvine maumbirwo akaomarara anonetsa kugadzirisa nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira simbi.
3) Stamping process
(1) Kuparadzanisa Kuparadzanisa:
Iro shiti rinopatsanurwa pamwe neimwe contour mutsara pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze kuwana zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa uye zvehafu-zvakapedzwa zvine imwe chimiro, saizi, uye yakachekwa mhando.
Mamiriro ekuparadzanisa: Kushushikana mukati mezvakaremara zvinhu zvinodarika muganho wesimba σb.
a.Blanking: Shandisa dhi kuti ucheke parutivi rwakavharwa curve, uye chikamu chakaroverwa chikamu.Inoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvakati sandara zvemaumbirwo akasiyana.
b.Kurovera: Shandisa difa kubaya parutivi rwakavharwa curve, uye chikamu chakaroverwa imarara.Kune mafomu akati wandei akadai sekurovera kwakanaka, kubaya parutivi, nekurembera punching.
c.Kuchekerera: Kuchekerera kana kucheka mapendekete ezvikamu zvakaumbwa kusvika kune chimwe chimiro.
d.Kupatsanura: Shandisa dhiya kurovera parutivi isina kuvharwa curve kuburitsa kupatsanura.Kana zvikamu zvekuruboshwe uye kurudyi zvinoumbwa pamwechete, nzira yekuparadzanisa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
(2) Kugadzira nzira:
Iyo isina chinhu yakaremara mupurasitiki isina kutyora kuti uwane zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa uye zvakapedzwa zveimwe chimiro uye saizi.
Kugadzira mamiriro: goho simba σS
a.Kudhirowa: Kugadzira pepa risina chinhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashama.
b.Flange: Mupendero weshizha kana semi-yakapera chigadzirwa inoumbwa kuita yakatwasuka mupendero pamwe chete neimwe curve zvinoenderana neimwe curvature.
c.Kugadzika: nzira yekuumba inoshandiswa kuvandudza kurongeka kwedanho rezvikamu zvakaumbwa kana kuwana diki filet radius.
d.Flipping: Mupendero wakamira unogadzirwa pane pre-punched sheet kana semi-yakapedza chigadzirwa kana pane pepa risina kubaiwa.
e.Kukotama: Kukotama pepa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana munzira yakatwasuka inogona kuitisa zvikamu zvine mimwe miyero yakaoma.
2. Stamping Die
1) Die Kugadziriswa
Sekureva kwepfungwa inoshanda, inogona kukamurwa mu: dhizaini kufa, kudzora kurova kufa, uye kupenya kugovera kufa.
2) Chimiro chekutanga chemuumbi
Iyo punching die inowanzo umbwa nepamusoro uye yepasi inofa (convex uye concave kufa).
3) Kuumbwa:
Basa rekushanda
Kutungamira
Positioning
Kuganhurira
Elastic element
Kusimudza uye kutendeuka
3. Kukurudzira michina
1) Press Machine
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemubhedha, matsimba anogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: akavhurika matsimba uye akavharwa madhindi.
Mutambo wakavhurika wakazaruka pamativi matatu, mubhedha uriC-yakaumbwa, uye kuomarara kwakashata.Inowanzo shandiswa kune zvidiki zvidiki.Mutambo wakavharwa wakazaruka kumberi nekumashure, mubhedha wakavharwa, uye kuoma kwacho kwakanaka.Inowanzo shandiswa pakutsikirira hombe nepakati.
Zvinoenderana nemhando yekutyaira inotsvedza simba, iyo press inogona kukamurwa kuita mechanical press uyehydraulic press.
2) Kusunungura mutsara
Kuveura muchina
Muchina wekuveura unonyanya kushandiswa kucheka mipendero yakatwasuka yemhando dzakasiyana dzemarata esimbi.Mafomu ekutapurirana ndeemakanika uye hydraulic.
4. STAmping Material
Kutsika zvinhu chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa chikamu chemhando uye kufa hupenyu.Parizvino, zvinhu zvinogona kudhindwa hazvisi chete pasi-kabhoni simbi asiwo simbi isina tsvina, aruminiyamu nealuminium alloy, mhangura nemhangura alloy, nezvimwe.
Simbi ndiro parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mbishi zvinhu mukutsikisa mota.Parizvino, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvemitumbi yemotokari isingaremi, zvinhu zvitsva zvakadai semahwendefa esimbi ane simba uye sandwich simbi mahwendefa zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa mumitumbi yemotokari.
Simbi Plate Kugadziriswa
Sekureva kwacho kuKoti: Thick Plate (pamusoro 4mm), yepakati plate (3-4m), ndiro dzakatetepa (pazasi 3mm).Auto body stamping parts akanyanya ma plates matete.
Maererano nemamiriro ekutenderera: hot-rolled steel plate, inotonhora-yakaputirwa ndiro yesimbi.
Kupisa kutenderedza ndiko kupfavisa zvinhu pane tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yerecrystallization yealloy.Uye wobva wadzvanya zvinhu zvacho kuita pepa rakatetepa kana muchinjiko-chikamu chebillet ine vhiri rekumanikidza, kuitira kuti zvinhu zviremara, asi chimiro chemuviri chechinhu chinoramba chisingachinji.Kuomarara nekuomarara kushoma kwemapuranga anopisa-akaparara varombo, uye mutengo wacho wakaderera.Iyo inopisa inotenderera maitiro haina kunaka uye haigoni kutenderera zvakanyanya kutetepa simbi.
Cold rolling ndiyo nzira yekuenderera mberi nekutenderedza zvinhu nevhiri rekumanikidza pane tembiricha yakaderera pane tembiricha yerecrystallization yealloy kubvumira zvinhu kuti zvidzoke mushure mekupisa kupisa, depitting, uye oxidation maitiro.Mushure mekudzokorora kutonhora kudzvanya-recrystallization-annealing-cold pressing (yakadzokororwa 2 kusvika ku3 nguva), simbi iri mune zvinyorwa inopinda shanduko ye molecular level (recrystallization), uye maitiro emuviri weiyo yakaumbwa alloy shanduko.Naizvozvo, kunaka kwayo kwepamusoro kwakanaka, kupedzisa kwakakwira, saizi yechigadzirwa yakakwira, uye kuita uye kurongeka kwechigadzirwa kunogona kusangana nezvimwe zvakakosha zvekushandisa.
Mahwendefa esimbi anotonhorwa anonyanya kubatanidza mahwendefa esimbi anotonhora-akakungurutswa, mahwendefa esimbi anotonhora-akakungurutswa, mahwendefa esimbi anotonhora-akakungurutswa ekutsikisa, mahwendefa esimbi anotonhora akasimba, nezvimwewo.
5. Gauge
Geji chinhu chakakosha chekuongorora chinoshandiswa kuyera nekuyera kunaka kwezvikamu.
Mukugadzira mota, zvisinei nekuti zvikamu zvakakura zvekudzikisira, magungano akadzika-madiki ane madiki egwenzi kudzora chigadzirwa chemhando pakati pemaitiro.
Kuonekwa kwegeji kune zvakanakira kukurumidza, kurongeka, intuition, kureruka, nezvimwe, uye inonyanya kukodzera kune zvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
Gages kazhinji ane zvikamu zvitatu:
① Skeleton uye chikamu chikamu
② Chikamu chemuviri
③ Zvikamu zvinoshanda (zvikamu zvinoshanda zvinosanganisira: kukurumidza chuck, pini yekumisikidza, pini yekuona, inofambiswa gap inotsvedza, tafura yekuyeresa, profil clamping plate, nezvimwewo).
Ndizvo chete zviripo kuziva nezve stamping process mukugadzira mota.Zhengxi inyanzvimugadziri we hydraulic presses, kupa hunyanzvi hwekutsikisa michina, sengeyakadzika yekudhirowa hydraulic presses.Mukuwedzera, isu tinopahydraulic presses dzemotokari dzemukati zvikamu.Kana uine chero zvaunoda, tapota taura nesu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-06-2023
